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c3e6a4a90696700f6f51327ca3c17dbc
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Title
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Nobel Prize Awarded to Organizations
Subject
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<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/performing-public-organization/performing-public-organization">Return to High Performing Public Organizations</a></h4>
Description
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;">The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded 26 times to organizations between 1901 and 2015. Twenty-three individual organizations have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, such as the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). UNCHR has received the Nobel Peace Prize twice, in 1954 and 1981, and the work of Comité International de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) (ICRC) has been honored three times, in 1917, 1944 and 1963.</span></p>
<p></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;">The following link is to a list of the organizations that have been awarded the Nobel Prize</span></p>
<p></p>
<br /><p></p>
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Medium: Photograph
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Alfred_Nobel3.jpg
Identifier
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Nobel Peace Prize, Organizations, UNHCR, ICRC, Red Cross, Peace
Creator
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Unknown
Date
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Before 1896
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/biographical/articles/life-work/gradeschool.html"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#c51b35;">Alfred Nobel’s Life and Work</span></b></a><br /><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel">Wikipedia</a>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/organizations.html"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#c51b35;">Nobel Prize Awarded to Organizations</span></b></a><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"></span></p>
<p></p>
Publisher
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Nobel Prize
Contributor
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Nobel Prize
Language
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English
Type
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Award
Coverage
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International
ICRC
Nobel Peace Prize
Organizations
Peace
Red Cross
UNHCR
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Title
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<h3><strong>Women in the Public Service (D-5)</strong></h3>
Description
An account of the resource
<p><em><strong>"And in my own life, in my own small way, I've tried to give back to this country that has given me so much. That's why I left a job at a law firm for a career in public service, working to empower young people to volunteer in their communities. Because I believe that each of us - no matter what our age or background or walk of life - each of us has something to contribute to the life of this nation." </strong></em><br /> <br /><em>- Michelle Obama</em><br /> <br />Women have been serving in public service roles since before the American Revolution, but they have always faced stiff challenges from gender discriminatory policies and practices. The women featured in this gallery are renowned because they succeeded regardless of such obstacles. Many of them are first timers, from as far back as the 18th Century, whose determination enabled them to emerge as leading and innovative women in the public service. Among them is Clara Burton, a woman in the public service whose face appears on a United States postage stamp. Clara Burton was the first female federal clerk to receive the same remuneration as the male clerks. She went on in her career in public service to be the founder of the American Red Cross. This important nongovernmental organization provides assistance to the public through disaster relief, supporting military families, providing health and safety training and education, and organizing the receipt of blood donations.<br /> <br />Other women celebrated here are Mary Katherine Goddard, the first female Postmaster (1775), Fanny Jackson Coppin, the first African American Principal (1869), Jeanette Rankin (1916) the first woman to be elected to the United States Congress, and Mercedes O. Cubria, the first Cuban born female to serve in the United States Army. Many other women in the public service are acknowledged here and demonstrate that women have always sought to work in the public service at all levels. They include elected and appointed officials as cabinet members, state governors, mayors, and Supreme Court justices.</p>
<p><strong><em>Clara Barton</em></strong></p>
Clara Barton dedicated her life to helping others in need- both at home and abroad, in peacetime and during war. She was a teacher, patent clerk, nurse and humanitarian.
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Title
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1881- Clara Barton, Founder of the American Red Cross
Description
An account of the resource
<p><strong><em>Cultural differences should not separate us from each other, but rather cultural diversity brings a collective strength that can benefit all of humanity.</em></strong></p>
<p><em>Robert Alan Silverstein<br /><br /></em></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Clara Barton was born on Christmas day in 1821, in North Oxford, Massachusetts. Barton’s father was a notable representative in the state legislature, as well as a humanitarian and businessman, and her mother was said to be a distant parent. From an early age, Barton found joy in helping others. This translated into the various public service careers she held throughout her life. Moreover, she was raised in a fervently abolitionist household, which would have a massive influence on the trajectory of her life. </span><em></em></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">In the mid-19th century, there were few professions available to American women, such as teaching and nursing. Consequently, Barton began her career as a teacher in Massachusetts, eventually moving to New Jersey to continue this work. She was a very successful teacher, with a very unusual style of pedagogy for the time. Unlike most of the teachers of this period, Barton refused to use corporal punishment to discipline her students. This success allowed her to establish the first public school in the town of Bordentown, New Jersey. Believing that she would head the school, however, Barton left when a man was hired to serve as its principal instead. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Upon leaving this position, Barton moved to Washington, D.C. to look for new work. In D.C, Barton took a job as a clerk in the U.S. Patent Office, thus becoming the first female clerk in the federal government. She worked for the Patent Office, copying classified papers. She later resigned because she was strongly opposed to slavery, unlike then-President James Buchanan. Her views on slavery caused her to be considered “too controversial” to work in the United States government. She returned to Massachusetts for a brief while, before being called back to D.C. in 1860, after the election of President Abraham Lincoln.</span><em></em></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">With the onset of the Civil War, Barton decided that she must change her path again. Women who were passionate about the war effort, could really only involve themselves through jobs such as nursing, or cooking. Barton decided that she would put herself to use as a Union Army nurse. She began by using her personal apartment to take care of wounded soldiers. These soldiers occupied the majority of her living space, with the exception of a small space portioned off with a sheet, which served as her bedroom (Scott 2001). Many of these soldiers had been previous students of hers. Eventually, Barton’s nursing work went beyond the space of her apartment. She served in many prominent battles as a nurse for the Union Army. These included the Battle of Antietam in September of 1862, now known as the bloodiest day in America’s military history. As a result of her efforts as a nurse during the Civil War, she earned the nickname “Angel of the battlefield” (Strickler 2018).</span><em></em></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">After serving as a war nurse, Barton operated an office that aided in finding missing soldiers. Thousands of soldiers who died in the Civil War were buried in unmarked graves, which resulted in the War Department receiving thousands of letters from relatives inquiring about the whereabouts of their loved ones. However, these letters were not answered because the War Department did not know the location of these missing soldiers. Barton saw this as a “great injustice that men had been called by their Government, patriotically given up by their families, and then no response made to the inquiry as to what it had done with them” (Harper 1912). Barton took it upon herself to begin “The Search for the Missing Men”. Barton went directly to President Lincoln, and he authorized her request, announcing to the United States that any letters regarding missing soldiers should be addressed to Clara Barton. After Lincoln’s authorization, she continued looking for missing soldiers for three years. After having been given a $15,000 grant from Congress, Barton was able to locate 22,000 men as of 1868 (Scott 2001).</span><em></em></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Despite the obvious variety of her achievements, Barton is most well known today for founding the American Red Cross, which continues to be active throughout the country. After the Civil War, Barton traveled to Europe and helped to care for wounded soldiers during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. It was here that she first saw the International Red Cross at work. Barton then set out to organize an American chapter of the Red Cross. However, this was dependent on the U.S.’s ratification of the Geneva convention; this ratification would allow the American Red Cross to be recognized as an official arm of the international Red Cross (Strickler 2018). Finally, in 1900, the Red Cross was officially recognized by the United States federal government. </span><em></em></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The American Red Cross originally started with just around a dozen doctors and nurses that Barton personally knew. One of the first large-scale relief efforts during the early days of the Red Cross took place in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, on May 31, 1889. The city was flooded with twenty million tons of water, leaving 37,000 people either missing or dead. Barton and her team came to the rescue providing food, clothing, and other necessary supplies to the citizens of Johnstown (Jones 2011). Barton held her position as president of the American Red Cross for 23 years, beginning at the age of 60.<br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;"><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">By the time Barton passed away on April 12, 1912, she was well known by most Americans. Today, the American Red Cross continues to help Americans during times of need. They continue to provide shelter and food during emergencies, as well as organize blood drives.</span></p>
<p><strong><br />Sources:<br /><br /></strong><span style="font-weight:400;">"Clara Barton." In </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Contemporary Heroes and Heroines</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Vol. 2. Detroit, MI: Gale, 1992. </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Gale In Context: Biography</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> (accessed June 23, 2021). </span><a href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1607000021/BIC?u=mlin_b_suffuniv&sid=bookmark-BIC&xid=48b896d5"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1607000021/BIC?u=mlin_b_suffuniv&sid=bookmark-BIC&xid=48b896d5</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">“Clara Barton.” American Battlefield Trust. Accessed July 4, 2021. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/clara-barton. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">“Clara Barton Missing Soldiers Office Museum.” Clara Barton Museum, April 2, 2020. https://www.clarabartonmuseum.org/. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Harper, Ida Husted. “The Life and Work of Clara Barton” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The North American Review</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> 195, no. 678 (May 1912) 701-712</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">History.com Editors. “Clara Barton.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, November 9, 2009. https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/clara-barton. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Jones, Marian Moser. “Race, Class, and Gender Disparities in Clara Barton’s Late Nineteenth-Century Disaster Relief” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Environment and History </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">17, no. 1 (February 2011) 107- 131</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Scott, Gary. “Clara Barton’s Civil War Apartments” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Washington History </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">13, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2001) 24-31</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Strickler, Jeff. “Clara Barton Angel of the Battlefield” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Nursing </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">(March 2018) 43-45.</span></p>
<br /><br /><strong>Further Reading:</strong><br /><p><span style="font-weight:400;">Caldwell, Shirley W. “‘God Help Them All and so Must We’: Clara Barton, Reverend John Brown, and Drought Relief Efforts, 1886-1887” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Southwestern Historical Quarterly </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">106, no. 4 (April 2003) 507-530</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Henle, Ellen Langenheim. “Clara Barton, Soldier or Pacifist? </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Civil War History</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> 24, no. 2 (June 1978) 152-160</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Margaret, Downing Brent. “The Centenary if Clara Barton and Recent Biographical Sketches of her Life and Achievements” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Records of the Columbia Historical Society</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> 26 (1924) 121-128</span></p>
<span style="font-weight:400;">Stewart, Jane A. “The Centennial of Clara Barton” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Journal of Education</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> 94, no. 24 (December 29, 1921) 662</span>
Identifier
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Clara Barton, American Red Cross, Civil War, Red Cross, Women, Geneva Conventions
Creator
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Kaitlin Whalen
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1904 - Photograph, 1918 - Poster
Relation
A related resource
<strong>Learn More about Clara Barton</strong><br /> <br /><a href="http://www.redcross.org/museum/history/claraBarton.asp"><strong>Clara Barton—American Red Cross</strong></a><br /> <br /><a href="http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/bart-cla.htm"><strong>Clara Barton—Women in History</strong></a><br /> <br /><a href="http://www.incwell.com/Biographies/Barton.html"><strong>Clara Barton—Spectrum: Biographies Written for Students</strong></a><br /> <br /><a href="http://www.greatwomen.org/women-of-the-hall/search-the-hall/details/2/16-Barton"><strong>Clara Barton—National Women’s Hall of Fame</strong></a><br /> <br /><a href="http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/7648"><strong>Profiles in Citizenship: Remembering Clara Barton—Hoover Institution, Stanford University</strong></a><br /> <br /><a href="http://www.civilwarmed.org/clara-barton-missing-soldiers-office/"><strong>Clara Barton’s Missing Soldier’s Office—National Museum of Civil War Medicine</strong></a><br /> <br /><a href="http://www.asrn.org/journal-chronicle-nursing/267-things-you-may-not-know-about-clara-barton.html"><strong>Things You May Not Know about Clara Barton—Chronicle of Nursing</strong></a>
Publisher
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Red Cross & Library of Congress
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Historic
American Red Cross
Civil War
Clara Barton
Geneva Conventions
Red Cross
Women
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5212d225ee2cae538298fa89fcf2de88
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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<h3><strong>Protecting the Public's Interests (C-4)</strong></h3>
Description
An account of the resource
<em><strong>"I consider ethics, as well as religion, as supplements to law in the government of man." </strong></em><br /> <br /><em>-</em>Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United States<br /> <br />Protecting the public’s interest is the responsibility of governments and their executive agencies. Decisions made concerning the allocation of public resources to the provision and delivery of public goods and services is guided by the need to protect the public’s interests. The interpretation of what represents the public’s interest may vary at any point in time among stakeholders. Consequently there is ongoing debate among lobbyists, who are often more concerned about the special interests of individuals, groups and firms than about the interests of the larger community and society as a whole.<br /> <br />Overall, those concerned with protecting the public’s interest focus on issues related to public safety and welfare, and what will be of long-term public benefit. They are interested in the development and implementation of public policy. According to Harold D. Lasswell (1990), essentially, public policy determines “who gets what, when, and how”. Policy making can involve lengthy disputes over what is best for the public at a particular juncture. Governments can rarely afford to attend to all demands from their constituents, hence the rivalry among constituents for attention to specific needs.<br /> <br />The debate about what is best for the public has traditionally been resolved by applying rational economic decision-making, in terms of achieving the most returns on the least investment. The rational for this approach is careful management of public resources. In recent decades other approaches to protecting the public interests have been developed. These include, for example, organization-based strategies, where the competence and capacity of the organization are taken in to consideration when determining governments’ potential for being effective.<br /> <br />Promoting ethical behavior among public officials is one of the key aspects of protecting the public’s interests.
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Pattern for Daily Food Choices - Dietary Guide, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Subject
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<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/public-protection-interests/public-protection-interests">Return to Protecting Public Interest</a></h4>
Description
An account of the resource
This colorful food wheel was issued by the American Red Cross and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). It illustrates the recommended servings for each food group, making note that alcohol, sweets, and fat should be consumed in moderation.
By the early 1980s, it was clear that the public needed consistent nutritional guidance. To meet this need, the USDA and Department of Health and Human Services created seven principles of health, intended for Americans ages 2 and up. The guidelines addressed adequate nutrient intake, but also stressed moderation of things like fat and sodium.
With its release, the USDA started to work on a new food guide that would help consumers implement these principles. In addition to emphasizing nutrient objectives, it also introduced numbers of servings for each of the food groups.
In partnership with the American Red Cross, the USDA first presented this guide to the public in a food wheel graphic.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans have been revised every five years since 1980.
Creator
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American Red Cross, USDA
Date
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1984
Rights
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Source: Frazao, E. (n.d.). America's Eating Habits: Changes and Consequences. USDA ERS . Retrieved October 4, 2012, from <a href="https://www.choosemyplate.gov/eathealthy/brief-history-usda-food-guides">http://1.usa.gov/SuSSdQ</a>.
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Medium: Poster.
Source
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https://choosemyplate-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/myplate/food%20wheel.fw_.png
Relation
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For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="https://www.choosemyplate.gov/eathealthy/brief-history-usda-food-guides">http://1.usa.gov/SuSSdQ</a><br /><br />Link: National Agricultural Library <a href="https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/dietary-guidelines">http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/history/pat.htm</a>
Publisher
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USDA
Contributor
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USDA
Language
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English
Type
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Guide
Identifier
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Dietary Guide, Eating, Red Cross, USDA
Coverage
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United States
Dietary Guide
Eating
Red Cross
USDA