Francis Wayland daguerreotype
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A black and white photograph of Francis Wayland, an American educator and president of Brown University.<br /> <br />Francis Wayland had always advocated for public libraries, and when he became president of Brown University, in 1827, he formed ne as soon as possible for the school. In 1851, he donated the funds needed to establish a library in Wayland, Massachusetts. Up until then, it was up to rich and high ranking philanthropists to donate and create libraries. But when Wayland’s help, legislation was soon put into action to allow towns to establish libraries. In addition to this, Wayland also created Wayland Seminary to educate former slaves, and in Brown, improved academic discipline.
Cowan's Auctions
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Francis_Wayland_daguerreotype.jpg
Cowan's Auctions
Unknown
Cowan's Auctions
(Source: Francis Wayland. (2012, July 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:20, October 12, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/RnhaEB">http://bit.ly/RnhaEB</a>)
Link: <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/media_player?mets_filename=evr7788mets.xml">http://www.cowanauctions.com/auctions/past-item.aspx?ItemId=103096</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Figures
Francis Wayland, Education, Library, Public Libraries, Slavery
Historic
Boston Public Library
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First photo: A photograph of the Boston Public Library located in Boston, Massachusetts.
The Boston Public Library is the first publicly supported library in the United States. Established in 1848, it is now the second largest library in the U.S., housing over 22 million items. The library consists of two buildings, the general and the research library. Also designated as a National Historic Landmark, the McKim Building, the research portion of the Boston Public Library, features the "first outstanding example of Renaissance Beaux-Arts Classicism in America." The McKim building features fine murals, collections of rare books, manuscripts, maps, and prints. Another feature of the Boston Library is Bates Hall, which is acknowledged by many to be one of the most architecturally important rooms in the world. The reading room of the library, Bates Hall is lighted by 15 arched and grilled windows and remains one of the most historically significant spaces of the library. The general library portion is located in the Johnson Building, which houses over 700,000 volumes - the largest circulating collection of materials of the Boston Public Library.
Second photo: Photograph shows the staircase corridor at the main entrance of the Boston Public Library.
The Boston Public Library was founded in 1848 by the General Court of Massachusetts, and was the first free large municipal library in the United States. However, it had to go through several changes, as the original building was a former schoolhouse that only held 1, 600 volumes. In December of the same year, a new building was Boylston Street, which has been the permanent residence of the Boston Public Library ever since. The library continued to make history as the first branch library in the United States was opened in East Boston in 1870. This act would establish the branch system seen in other libraries. In 1986, it became a National Historic Landmark for its legacy and influence on other libraries in the country.
First photo - Unknown
Second photo - A.W. Elson & Co.
https://d4804za1f1gw.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/30/2019/03/19135836/Grand_staircase_construction.jpg
https://fedora.digitalcommonwealth.org/fedora/objects/commonwealth:c821gx66c/datastreams/access800/content
Boston Public Library
1909
Boston Public Library
Source: Boston Public Library. (2012, October 25). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 5, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/RE7nZb">http://bit.ly/RE7nZb</a>
Link: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Public_Library,_McKim_Building">Wikipedia</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:c821gx653">Digital Commonwealth</a>
Medium: Painting <br /><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Public_Library,_McKim_Building"></a>
English
Library
Boston Public Library, Public Libraries, Murals, Bates Hall, Boston, Massachusetts, Historic
Massachusetts
Carnegie Library
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<p><strong><em>The man who acquires the ability to take full possession of his own mind may take possession of anything else to which he is justly entitled.</em></strong></p>
<p><em>Andrew Carnegie</em></p>
A photograph of one of the many Carnegie Libraries. It was built in Houston, located at the corner of Travis Street and McKinney Avenue.<br /> <br />Andrew Carnegie was a rich philanthropist who helped create over 2,000 libraries between 1883 and 1929. 1,689 were built in the United States, 660 in Britain and Ireland, 125 in Canada, and even more were made around the world. At the time of their creation, segregation was still an ongoing issue, as many white libraries forbade African-Americans from entering. Carnegie didn’t want to deprive anyone of knowledge, so he created some libraries specifically for African-Americans. Today, 1,554 of the 1,681 original buildings in the United States still exist, with 911 still used as libraries.
Historic Houston Photographs
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Houston_Carnegie_Library_1904.jpg/753px-Houston_Carnegie_Library_1904.jpg
Historic Houston Photographs
1904
Historic Houston Photographs
Source: Carnegie library. (2012, October 10). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:49, October 12, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/RCHBU7">http://bit.ly/RCHBU7</a>
Link: <a href="http://digital.lib.uh.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p15195coll2&CISOPTR=158">Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Houston Libraries. UH Digital Library</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Library
Carnegie Library, Andrew Carnegie, Houston, Philanthropy, Public Libraries, African-Americans
Texas
Andrew Carnegie
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Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was also one of the most important philanthropists of his era.[...] Among his many philanthropic efforts, the establishment of public libraries throughout the United States, the United Kingdom, and other English-speaking countries was especially prominent. Carnegie libraries, as they were commonly called, were built in many places. The first was opened in 1883 in Dunfermline. His method was to build and equip, but only on condition that the local authority matched that by providing the land and a budget for operation and maintenance. To secure local interest, in 1885, he gave $500,000 to Pittsburgh for a public library, and in 1886, he gave $250,000 to Allegheny City for a music hall and library; and $250,000 to Edinburgh for a free library. In total Carnegie funded some 3,000 libraries, located in 47 US states, and also in Canada, the United Kingdom, what is now the Republic of Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, the West Indies, and Fiji. He also donated £50,000 to help set up the University of Birmingham in 1899.
Smithsonian Institution
https://nasher.duke.edu/wp-content/uploads/emuseum_media/emuse_3587.jpg
Smithsonian Institution
1906
Smithsonian Institution
Source: Andrew Carnegie. (2012, October 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 12, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/SV4zo6">http://bit.ly/SV4zo6</a>.
<a href="https://www.biography.com/business-figure/andrew-carnegie">Biography</a>
Medium: Photomechanical Print
English
Figures
Andrew Carnegie, Steel, Steel Industry, Philanthropy, Public Libraries, Birmingham, UK
Historic
Forrest Spaulding from Nashua Telegraph
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A black and white photograph of Forrest Brisbin Spaulding, a humanitarian who created the Library Bill of Rights.<br /> <br />Forrest Spaulding strongly believed that library access should be for everyone and did his best to act on this belief by organized traveling libraries and working with the YMCA to send books to the military. As he worked with the Des Moines Public Library, he saw the upcoming threat of censorship hitting other libraries. He believed in free speech, and so created the Library Bill of Rights which declared that anyone who swore under it would not give in to the pressures of censorship. The Bill would later be adopted by the American Library Association, and while there have been some changes to make up for the passage of time, it still holds strong today. Spaulding believed censorship hurt more than it helped, such as when his library was being challenged to censor Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf, he responded 'if more people had read Mein Kampf, some of Hitler's despotism might have been prevented.'
State Library of Iowa
https://photos.geni.com/p3/4741/2282/5344483658760655/Forrest_in_Des_Moines_large.jpg
State Library of Iowa
Unknown
State Library of Iowa
Source: Forrest Spaulding. (2012, August 21). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:52, October 12, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/R44H6P">http://bit.ly/R44H6P</a>
Link: State Library of Iowa <a href="http://publications.iowa.gov/9347/1/Spaulding.pdf">http://publications.iowa.gov/9347/1/Spaulding.pdf</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Figures
Forrest Spaulding, Public Libraries, Bill of Rights, YMCA, Des Moines, Censorship, Nazi Germany
Historic