Children's Aid Society
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;">New York City founded in 1853. It serves 150,000 children per year, providing foster care, medical and mental health services, and a wide range of educational, recreational and advocacy services through dozens of community centers, camps and other locations in the New York area. CAS has originated a series of child welfare innovations that have since become commonplace, such as:</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"> some of the first industrial schools</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"> the first parent-teacher associations</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"> the first free school lunch programs</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"> the first free dental clinics for children</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"> the first day schools for handicapped children</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"> the first kindergarten in the United States</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"> the first foster homes</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"> the first “fresh air” vacations, in which urban children visit host families in the country for the summer.</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;">In 2011, The Children's Aid Society was rated 4/4 by charities rating organization Charity Navigator, for the 11th consecutive year.</span></p>
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Underwood & Underwood
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e1/CAS1853-children.jpeg
National Orphan Train Complex
1909
National Orphan Train Complex
Source: Children's Aid Society. (2012, June 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:42, October 12, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/UVuCND">http://bit.ly/UVuCND</a>.
For Further Exploration Please Visi <a href="http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/">http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/</a><br /><br />Link: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Aid_Society">Wikipedia</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Organization
Children's Aid Society, NYC, Healthcare, Nonprofits, Foster Care, Mental Health, Community, Child Welfare
United States
Dorothea Lynde Dix, Activist
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Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802 – 1887) was an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. The reputation as a famous nurse was earned by her fearless fight for the right of the mentally ill in front of Massachusetts legislators and of the United States Congress. Dix found herself in this battle due to her passion for teaching. She saw with her own eyes the dismal conditions of the mentally disabled people when she entered the East Cambridge Jail to teach Sunday class for women inmates on March 1842. Dix immediately brought the matter to courts, wherein she won many battles using careful and extensive data of extreme conditions in jails and almshouses, getting these poor individuals improved states.
Library of Congress
http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3a10000/3a12000/3a12200/3a12244r.jpg
Library of Congress
None
Library of Congress
Portrait of Dorothea Lynde Dix, head and shoulders, facing left. <br /><br />Source: Dorothea Dix. (2012, October 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 12, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/RTNK09">http://bit.ly/RTNK09</a>
For further exploration please visit <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470530/">http://bit.ly/QWh3iU</a><br /><br />Link: Library of Congress <a href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a12244">http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a12244</a>
Medium: Photograph
English
Figures
Dorothea Lynde Dix, Activist, Women, Mental Health, Nursing
Historic
W.W. Godding, Superintendent of St. Elizabeth's Hospital
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Today, research on alcohol/drug abuse and mental health is conducted under the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). However, government involvement with mental health issues dates back to the mid 19th century.
St. Elizabeths Hospital, which opened in 1855, was the first national mental hospital in the United States. At the time, not much was known about what caused mental illness. In 1884, Isaac W. Blackburn, a pathologist, was appointed the task of researching the pathology of mental illness.
The early mission of the hospital was to "provide the most humane care and enlightened curative treatment of the insane of the Army, Navy, and District of Columbia." By the 1940s, it covered over 300 acres and provided treatment to 7,000 patients, the "first and only federal mental hospital with a national scope."
Treatments at the hospital included art therapy and hydrotherapy, one of the innovations of St. Elizabeths. Therapies such as "moral treatment" (the use of homelike surroundings to illustrate healthy behavior) were also used.
Today, the original building is a designated National Historic Landmark.
Part of the Brady-Handy Collection
https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cwpbh/05100/05190r.jpg
Library of Congress
1865-1880
Library of Congress
Source: Saint Elizabeths Hospital. (2011, Aug 3). U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved Oct 24, 2012, from <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/medtour/elizabeths.html">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/medtour/elizabeths.html</a>
Link: <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/brh2003002111/PP/">Library of Congress</a>
Medium: Photograph,
English
Figures
Substance Abuse, Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, NIK, SAMHSA, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, W.W. Godding
Historic
Elizabeth Milbank Anderson, Public Health Activist
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While Elizabeth Anderson was living in New York, she noted the deplorable conditions around the state and sought to improve them with her and her husband’s wealth. In 1913 she established the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, which would later become the Community Service Society of New York, and it funded many improvements for public schools such as drinking fountains, school lunches, medical inspections, and ventilation. For six years she was the largest donor to what is now known as Mental Health America which helps war veterans with shell-shock. She was also the largest donator, until her death, to Barnard College and was on its board of trustees. In addition, she gave the same amount of money, $100, 000 dollars, to Lillian Wald's Henry Street Settlement and to the Harlem Office of the Legal Aid Society, the latter which she helped fund.
Milbank Memorial Fund
A portrait of Elizabeth Milbank Anderson, an activist for improving public health and a philanthropist. Source: History. (n.d.). Milbank Memorial Fund. Retrieved Nov 1, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/WbiazQ">http://bit.ly/WbiazQ</a>
Milbank Memorial Fund
Before 1921
Milbank Memorial Fund
Milbank Memorial Fund
Link: <a href="https://www.milbank.org/about/history/">Milbank Memorial Fund </a>
Medium: Photograph
English
Figures
Women
Historic