Mayor Richard H. Sylvester, Washington, DC Chief of Police
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Richard Sylvester implemented many police procedures that we still use today. He was the one to coin the ‘third degree’ phrase we commonly use today, as he divided police procedures as the arrest as the first degree, transportation to jail as the second degree and interrogation as the third degree. In 1914, he established the Du Point division to protect the plants that were manufacturing materials for World War I. During an inspection into a fire at one of these plants, he discovered a plot in which criminals planned to destroy buildings by replacing the inside fire extinguishers with gasoline. He swiftly turned the plot over and caught the masterminds. In addition, he came up with the idea to have employees paid by check instead of cash as to reduce payroll robberies, and developed the law that stated concealing or transporting stolen goods used in interstate commerce a crime punishable by a fine of $5,000 or up to two years in prison.
Bain News Service
https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ggbain/12900/12922r.jpg
Library of Congress
between ca. 1910 and ca. 1915
Bain News Service
A black and white photograph of Richard H. Sylvester, the Chief of Police for Washington, District of Colombia. <br /><br />Source: Richard H. Sylvester. (2012, May 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:52, October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/QPv2E1">http://bit.ly/QPv2E1</a>
Link: Library of Congress <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2005012958/">http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2005012958/</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Figures
Law Enforcement, Police, Richard Sylvester, Third Degree, Washington D.C.
Washington D.C.
Arthur Woods, New York Police Commissioner
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When Arthur Woods was a journalist, his articles about the local police caught their interest, and they soon recruited him as a Deputy. He believed in not only educating officers, such as encouraging them to be taught classes on law, sociology, and physical education, but also in educating the public, as he published the first safety booklet available to the public. In continuing education for both groups, he established an official police academy in New York. He worked with the “Italian Squad”, a police group composed of Italian-Americans, to break up gangs and labor racketeering. In his first year as Commissioner, he arrested over 200 criminals during the Labor Slugger.
Bain News Service
http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ggbain/25700/25793v.jpg
Library of Congress
Unknown
Library of Congress
A black and white photograph of Arthur Hale Woods, a New York Police Commissioner who implemented criminology and sociology in policing.<br /><br />Source: Arthur Woods. (2012, September 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:06, October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/PeYlV8">http://bit.ly/PeYlV8</a>
For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://bit.ly/PeYlV8">http://bit.ly/PeYlV8</a><br /><br />Link: <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ggbain.25793/">http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ggbain.25793/</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Figures
Arthur Woods, NYPC, New York, Police, Law Enforcement
Historic
The United States Criminal Justice System
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The flowchart of the events in the criminal justice system (shown in the diagram) updates the original chart prepared by the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice in 1967. The chart summarizes the most common events in the criminal and juvenile justice systems including entry into the criminal justice system, prosecution and pretrial services, adjudication, sentencing and sanctions, and corrections. A discussion of the events in the criminal justice system follows through the link below.
Bureau of Justice Statistics
https://www.bjs.gov/content/images/flowchrt.gif
Bureau of Justice Statistics
None
Bureau of Justice Statistics
To link to a text description of each section in the interactive version above, click on any part of that section of the diagram, or return to the Justice System Page <a href="http://www.bjs.gov/content/justsys.cfm#contents">http://www.bjs.gov/content/justsys.cfm#contents</a><br /><br />Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics
Link to interactive version of the diagram: The Sequence of Events in the Criminal Justice System <a href="http://www.bjs.gov/content/largechart.cfm">http://www.bjs.gov/content/largechart.cfm</a>
Medium: Illustration
English
Justice System
Criminal Justice, Criminal Justice System, Juvenile Justice, Law Enforcement, United States
United States
Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice
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The Criminal Division develops, enforces, and supervises the application of all federal criminal laws except those specifically assigned to other divisions. The Division and the 93 U.S. Attorneys have the responsibility for overseeing criminal matters as well as certain civil litigation. Criminal Division attorneys prosecute many nationally significant cases. In addition to its direct litigation responsibilities, the Division formulates and implements criminal enforcement policy and provides advice and assistance on criminal matters. For example, the Division approves or monitors sensitive areas of law enforcement such as participation in the Witness Security Program and the use of electronic surveillance; advises the Attorney General, Congress, the Office of Management and Budget and the White House on matters of criminal law; provides legal advice and assistance to federal prosecutors and investigative agencies; and provides leadership for coordinating international as well as federal, state, and local law enforcement matters.
Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/1200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png
U.S. Department of Justice
Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice
Source: Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice <a href="http://www.justice.gov/criminal/about/">http://www.justice.gov/criminal/about</a>/
Link to Public Services <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20120219224532/http://www.justice.gov/criminal/about/public.html">http://www.justice.gov/criminal/about/public.html</a>.<br /><br />Link to Department of Justice Accomplishments <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20150712222618/http://www.justice.gov/accomplishments">http://www.justice.gov/accomplishments</a>
Medium: Logo
English
Organization
Criminal Division, Criminal Law, Department of Justice, DOJ, Law Enforcement
United States
Chiefs of Police, New York City
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The New York State Association of Chiefs of Police was organized on November 30, 1901, in Rochester, New York and incorporated in 1957. It is a not for profit organization dedicated to serve the people of the State of New York in the maintenance of law and order and to support the more than 500 Chiefs of Police as they carry out the functions of their office.
D.H. Anderson
https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3b20000/3b21000/3b21200/3b21208r.jpg
Library of Congress
ca. 1889
D.H. Anderson
Source: About Our Association. (n.d.). New York State Association of Chiefs of Police. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://www.nychiefs.org/about_us.php">http://www.nychiefs.org/about_us.php</a><br /><br />For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://www.nychiefs.org/">http://www.nychiefs.org/</a>
Link: Chiefs of Police, New York City <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003671170/">http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003671170/</a>
Medium: Composite Photograph.
English
Public Safety
Chiefs of Police, Law Enforcement, New York, NYC, Police
New York City
Police Officers at Risk
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<br /><h4></h4>
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"• Total of 834,000 law enforcement officers (most employed at the municipal level)
• Since 1990, over 1,500 police officers have been killed in the line of duty (National Law Enforcement Memorial Fund)
• Average Death rate of 15 per 100,000, as compared to 4.7 general population
• 10 year average of 62,000 officers assaulted each year
• 10 year average of 21,000 injuries per year
• Underreporting of violent incidents is widely suspected"
Dr. Marc Holzer & LaMont Rouse
https://media.boingboing.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/police.jpg
Tennessee Star
2017
Dr. Marc Holzer & LaMont Rouse
Tennessee Star
<a href="https://tennesseestar.com/2017/05/11/memorial-service-held-for-nashville-police-killed-in-the-line-of-duty/">Tennessee Star</a>
Medium: Photograph
English
Public Safety
Fatalities, Injuries, Law Enforcement, Police, Risk
United States
Policeman in the 19th century
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"<strong>Law enforcement officers are never 'off duty.' They are dedicated public servants who are sworn to protect public safety at any time and place that the peace is threatened</strong> - Barbara Boxer <br /><br />In the nineteenth-century United States, police forces were…oriented more toward service than toward crime control.…Policemen aided children hurt in accidents involving wagons, trains, and public transportation….In large and impersonal late-nineteenth-century cities, families could easily lose track of young children….Every year, urban police departments recovered and returned home hundreds of children, generally under age ten."
First photo - Time
Second - Unknown
https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/police.jpeg?w=800&quality=85
Library of Congress
First photo - 1903
Second photo - unknown
Library of Congress
"Source: Police, Children and the – FREE Police, Children and the information | Encyclopedia.com: Find Police, Children and the research. (n.d.). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/VFGNBE">http://bit.ly/VFGNBE</a> <br /><br /><a href="http://bit.ly/OaDu3L"></a>
See <a href="https://time.com/4779112/police-history-origins/">Time</a><br /><br />For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://bit.ly/OaDu3L">http://bit.ly/OaDu3L</a>
Medium: Illustration.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/E2940/illustration-of-policeman-halting-traffic-for-children"></a>
English
Artwork
Police, Law Enforcement, Children, Public Service, Accidents
United States
Senior Citizens Police Academy
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In order to increase government transparency, local municipalities have begun giving educational seminars to their constituents regarding government functions. In Hanover County, the Senior Citizens Police Academy (SCPA) is offered by the Sheriff’s Office and is designed to teach citizens of Hanover County about their law enforcement agency. Participants are not trained to be police officers, but instead are informed about each aspect of law enforcement. Each week, participants learn about the "Hows and Whys" of police work, focusing on traffic stops, crime scene investigations, functions of specialized units such as Narcotics, Youth Services, and Safe Streets, and many other interesting topics specific to seniors, such as identity theft, personal safety, and Medicare fraud. Each class is instructed by sworn members of the Sheriff's Office. The topics are presented in lecture format along with hands-on learning. During the academy, participants spend one morning touring the Sheriff's Office and taking a trip to the firing range, where they learn about the department's "special teams," including High Risk Entry (HRET), Traffic Safety Unit (TSU), and the K-9 team. A patrol ride-along is also offered. Completion of the SCPA allows participants to become eligible to participate in the department's Volunteer Program and Courtesy Patrol. Recently, the Sheriff's Office completed its 4th session, bringing the total of Academy graduates to 106.
Hanover County
https://www.hanoversheriff.com/ImageRepository/Document?documentID=303
Hanover County
2012 & 2020
Hanover County
Current photo: 2020<br /><br />See <a href="https://www.hanoversheriff.com/199/Senior-Citizens-Police-Academy">Senior Citizens Police Academy</a><br /><br />Also: The 19th Senior Citizens Police Academy poses for a group photo at their graduation ceremony (2012). <br /><br />Henrico County, Virginia - Senior Citizens Police Academy. Retrieved June 8, 2015 from <a href="https://henrico.us/services/citizenssenior-and-youth-police-academies/">http://henrico.us/police/programs/senior-services/senior-citizens-police-academy/</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.hanoversheriff.com/199/Senior-Citizens-Police-Academy"></a>
Sources: National Association of Counties (2015) Achievement Awards. Retrieved June 8, 2015 from <a href="https://www.naco.org/topics/awards-programs">http://www.naco.org/programs/recognition/Pages/Achievement-Awards.aspx</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Academy
Senior Citizens Police Academy, SCPA, NACo Achievement Awards, Hanover County, Municipalities, Law Enforcement, Police, Awards
Virginia
Sheriff John McGraw
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<p><strong><em>Law enforcement officers are never 'off duty.' They are dedicated public servants who are sworn to protect public safety at any time and place that the peace is threatened</em></strong></p>
<p><em>Barbara Boxer</em></p>
A portrait of John McGraw, a Washington sheriff who settled the anti-Chinese riots.<br /> <br />During February of 1886 in Kings County, Washington, there was a group of vigilantes who wanted to get rid of the Chinese Americans living in the country and send them back to China. John McGraw opposed each effort and used his powers as sheriff to protect minorities. When the vigilantes tried to use force, McGraw sent out over 400 deputies to hold them back. The vigilantes then tried to use a boat in order to send them back, but McGraw boarded the boat and endured gunfire as he told them the boat would not be allowed to leave. He didn’t sustain a serious injury, and it was this last stand that finally convinced the vigilantes to flee.
History of Seattle, Washington: With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/John_McGraw_1890.jpg
Seattle Then and Now
1890
Seattle Then and Now
For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="https://www.nga.org/governor/john-harte-mcgraw/">http://bit.ly/T5OLiw</a>
Link: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=YK3yZNFmdbUC&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=YK3yZNFmdbUC&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=false</a>
Medium: Photomechanical Print.
English
Figures
Anti-Chinese Riots, John McGraw, Law Enforcement, Sheriff, Washington
Washington
Women in Law Enforcement - Timeline: 1854-2011
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In 1854, the first known police matrons (also called jail matrons) were hired by New York City to search and guard female prisoners, but they were civilians with no law enforcement powers. Sarah Hill (pictured) became the second police matron in Davenport, Iowa, hired in 1893. Part of a larger police matron movement in the United States that began in Portland, Maine, in 1878, Matron Hill worked for 27 years to care for female criminals and their children. Police matrons’ duties varied, but they included sheltering and protecting women and children in police custody<br />
National Law Enforcement Museum
Women in Law Enforcement <br /><br />Collection of the National Law Enforcement Museum, Washington, DC. <br /><br />Source: National Law Enforcement, Washington, DC
National Law Enforcement Museum
Circa 1900
National Law Enforcement Museum
National Law Enforcement Museum
Link to Women in Law Enforcement <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214122930/http://www.nleomf.org/museum/experience/the-collection/artifacts/women-in-law-enforcement/">Timeline 1854-2011 </a>
Photograph
English
History
Timeline
Historic