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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<h3><strong>Motivation for the Public Service (D-3)</strong></h3>
Description
An account of the resource
<em><strong>"I was having a better time at my job than were those of my peers who had opted for private practice. Life as a public servant was more interesting. The work was more challenging. The encouragement and guidance from good mentors was more genuine. And the opportunities to take initiative and to see real results were more frequent." </strong></em><br /> <br />- Sandra Day O'Connor<br /> <br />Motivation for public service is often referred to as a “calling” and those who hear it are determined to do meaningful work that will make a difference to their communities. Often those with the motivation for public service come from families with experience working in public service. They choose to pursue an education that will prepare them for working in administrative positions or in one of the many fields of public service, such as social welfare, law enforcement, and firefighting. Those who choose to work in nonprofit organizations also share the motivation for public service with concern for the wellbeing of others over and above their own gain.<br /> <br />Many who study motivation for public service do so to inform public sector recruitment processes. Person-to-organization fit is an important aspect of successful personnel recruitment. Studies have found that the motivation for public service differs from the motivation for careers in private businesses. Another indication of motivation for public service is an interest in public policy. Public policy development is fundamental to public service since public policies indicate the focus of public service delivery and the role and function of public agencies and their employees.<br /> <br />Socialization also influences individuals’ motivation for public service. A form of socialization, in addition to parental and educational, is professional socialization. Membership in professional public service organizations, participation in their conferences and other networking activities contributes a lot to building awareness of what is entailed in responding to the call to public service.
Dataset
Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
INSPIRE Women Act
Subject
The topic of the resource
<a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/motivating-public-service/motivating-public-service">Motivation for the Public Service </a>
Description
An account of the resource
The Inspiring the Next Space Pioneers, Innovators, Researchers, and Explorers Act (H.R. 321), or INSPIRE Women Act, was introduced by Representative Barbara Comstock of Virginia before passing through Congress and being signed into law in February of 2017. The law is focused on increasing the representation of women in STEM careers. The act compels the NASA director to encourage women and girls to pursue STEM fields in many ways. It created both NASA Girls and NASA Boys, virtual mentorship programs where prospective students are paired with a NASA employee to help guide them through their education. Another new program introduced is Aspire to Inspire which is focused on highlighting the early and recent careers of women in NASA and sharing that information with young girls. Through these programs, and the overall directive, H.R. 321 is designed to bring more women into service in fields that they are drastically underrepresented in.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
White House
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2/28/2017
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/TrumpSignsHR321InspireWomenAct28FEB2017.jpg">Wikimedia</a>
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSPIRE_Women_Act">Wikipedia</a><br /><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/321">US Congress</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Wikimedia Commons
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
White House
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Photograph
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Legislation
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Legislation, Women, Education, Science, Congress
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
Congress
Education
Legislation
Science
Women
-
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1ae98383400edb375a41307e63f21892
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<h3><strong>Motivation for the Public Service (D-3)</strong></h3>
Description
An account of the resource
<em><strong>"I was having a better time at my job than were those of my peers who had opted for private practice. Life as a public servant was more interesting. The work was more challenging. The encouragement and guidance from good mentors was more genuine. And the opportunities to take initiative and to see real results were more frequent." </strong></em><br /> <br />- Sandra Day O'Connor<br /> <br />Motivation for public service is often referred to as a “calling” and those who hear it are determined to do meaningful work that will make a difference to their communities. Often those with the motivation for public service come from families with experience working in public service. They choose to pursue an education that will prepare them for working in administrative positions or in one of the many fields of public service, such as social welfare, law enforcement, and firefighting. Those who choose to work in nonprofit organizations also share the motivation for public service with concern for the wellbeing of others over and above their own gain.<br /> <br />Many who study motivation for public service do so to inform public sector recruitment processes. Person-to-organization fit is an important aspect of successful personnel recruitment. Studies have found that the motivation for public service differs from the motivation for careers in private businesses. Another indication of motivation for public service is an interest in public policy. Public policy development is fundamental to public service since public policies indicate the focus of public service delivery and the role and function of public agencies and their employees.<br /> <br />Socialization also influences individuals’ motivation for public service. A form of socialization, in addition to parental and educational, is professional socialization. Membership in professional public service organizations, participation in their conferences and other networking activities contributes a lot to building awareness of what is entailed in responding to the call to public service.
Dataset
Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Recognizing Achievement in Classified School Employees Act
Subject
The topic of the resource
<a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/motivating-public-service/motivating-public-service">Motivation for the Public Service</a>
Description
An account of the resource
The Recognizing Achievement in Classified School Employees Act (H.R. 276) was a piece of legislature, sponsored by Representative Dina Titus of Nevada, that passed through Congress and was signed into law in April of 2019. The bill instructs the Secretary of Education to create an annual Recognizing Inspiring School Employees, or RISE, award to celebrate the service of non-educators in public schools throughout the country. This award is presented to a multitude of specialties within educational institutions including clerical, nutrition, transportation, and custodial fields. Commendation of public education is largely, and understandably, focused on teachers. This bill aimed to hold up those in education that serve the students in other ways. Each employee in public education has a role in the growth and success of the next generation and the RISE award seeks to highlight those that are often overlooked.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nevada State Education Association
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Unknown
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="http://www.nsea-nv.org/assets/document/NV/titus.jpg">Nevada State Education Association</a>
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/276/text">US Congress</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Nevada State Education Association
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Nevada State Education Association
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Photograph
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Legislation
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Legislation, Education, House of Representatives, Congress, Act, Bill, Law
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
Act
Bill
Congress
Education
House of Representatives
Law
Legislation
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Dataset
Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA)
Subject
The topic of the resource
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/performing-public-organization/performing-public-organization">Return to High Performing Public Organizations</a></h4>
Description
An account of the resource
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;">An award established by the U.S. Congress in 1987 to raise awareness of quality management and recognize U.S. companies that have implemented successful quality management systems. Awards can be given annually in six categories: manufacturing, service, small business, education, healthcare and nonprofit. The award is named after the late Secretary of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige, a proponent of quality management. The U.S. Commerce Department’s National Institute of Standards and Technology manages the award, and ASQ administers it.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;">Source: American Society for Quality (ASQ)</span></p>
<p></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;">ASQ is a global community of people dedicated to quality who share the ideas and tools that make our world work better. With individual and organizational members around the world, ASQ has the reputation and reach to bring together the diverse quality champions who are transforming the world’s corporations, organizations and communities to meet tomorrow’s critical challenges.</span></p>
<p></p>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1987
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Malcolm Balridge National Quality Award (MBNQA). Source: American Society for Quality (ASQ)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Medium: Bronze Medallion
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/EpQwxvemtJE/maxresdefault.jpg
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, MBNQA, Congress, Quality Management, Awards, ASO
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
American Society for Quality
Relation
A related resource
<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/malcolm-baldrige-award/case-studies.html"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#c51b35;">Baldridge Award Case Studies and Success Stories</span></b></a><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#000000;"></span></p>
<p></p>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Society for Quality
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
American Society for Quality
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Award
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
ASO
Awards
Congress
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
MBNQA
Quality Management
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da4cf2760bc1490a51e149a22fff18b4
Dataset
Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
United States Senate Committee on Finance, 1789 -
Subject
The topic of the resource
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/financing-common-purposes-gall/financing-common-purposes-gall">Return to Financing our Common Purposes</a></h4>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the Senate’s first 27 years (1789-1816), it had no standing committees. The early Senate was a small body. It conducted its work through temporary committees that met as needed and disbanded when the Senate enacted the legislation that had prompted the Senate to form the committee.</p>
<p>The Senate adopted Senator of Virginia James Barbour’s motion to established the Committee on Finance as a standing committee of the Senate, on December 10, 1816,. Three days later, its first Members were appointed: Senators George Campbell of Tennessee (the Committee’s first Chairman), Jeremiah Mason of New Hampshire, Thomas Thompson of New Hampshire, Rufus King of New York, and George Troup of Georgia.</p>
Since the start of the 21st Century, the Finance Committee has continued its leadership on tax, trade, and health issues. As it nears its bicentennial in 2016, it is apparent that it continues to be a prime focus of many issues that affect the nation and one of the most influential committees in the United States Senate.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Source: <a href="http://www.finance.senate.gov/)">The Senate Finance Committee</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Medium: Photograph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/image/7.jpg, http://www.radicalcompliance.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Hearing-Room.jpg
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Senate Finance Committee, US Senate, Tax, Trade, Health, Congress
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Senate Finance Committee
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
First photo - 1932-8
Second photo - 2016
Relation
A related resource
First photo: Senate Finance Committee Chairman Pat Harrison discussing tax reduction with reporters in Washington, D.C. on November 16, 1937. - Source: Courtesy Library of Congress. <br /><br />Second photo: Source: Courtesy Library of Congress.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Senate Finance Committee
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
The Senate Finance Committee
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Committee
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
Congress
Health
Senate Finance Committee
Tax
Trade
US Senate
-
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9a6954e0f594c60f73aeb029b6f96ae3
Dataset
Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Everybody's doing it. Doing what? Paying taxes, of course, 1920s
Subject
The topic of the resource
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/financing-common-purposes-gall/financing-common-purposes-gall">Returning to Financing our Common Purposes</a></h4>
Description
An account of the resource
Large group of people filling out tax forms in Internal Revenue office.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Underwood & Underwood (Publishers)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
c. 1920s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Everybody's doing it, Doing what? Paying taxes, of course. Source: <a href="http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b40171/">Library of Congress</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Medium: Photograph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/1920_tax_forms_IRS.jpg/784px-1920_tax_forms_IRS.jpg
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Taxes, IRS, Congress, 1920s, Tax Forms
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/92521135/">Library of Congress</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Library of Congress
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Library of Congress
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Event
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
1920s
Congress
IRS
Tax Forms
Taxes
-
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412eb179de890dd4dddb6bd6489eba6f
Dataset
Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Congress, Wilson before War Tax Message, 1914
Subject
The topic of the resource
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/financing-common-purposes-gall/financing-common-purposes-gall">Returning to Financing our Common Purposes</a></h4>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Harris & Ewing, photographer
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1914
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Congress, Wilson before War Tax Message. <br /><br />Source: Harris & Ewing CollectionDigital Id. hec 04662, <a href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print">Library of Congress</a> Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Medium: Photograph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/hec/04600/04662v.jpg
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Congress, Woodrow Wilson, War Tax, World War I, 1914, War
Description
An account of the resource
None given
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/financing-common-purposes-gall">Library of Congress</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Library of Congress
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Library of Congress
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Event
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
1914
Congress
War
War Tax
Woodrow Wilson
World War I
-
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6e368f6e282acef88f5c7df91d2e5063
Dataset
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Government Accountabiltiy Office (GAO)
Subject
The topic of the resource
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/delivering-public-services-gal/delivering-public-services-gal">Return to Delivering Public Services as Promised</a></h4>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan agency that works for Congress. Often called the "congressional watchdog," GAO investigates how the federal government spends taxpayer dollars. The head of GAO, the Comptroller General of the United States, is appointed to a 15-year term by the President from a slate of candidates Congress proposes.</p>
<p><strong>GAO's Mission</strong> is to support the Congress in meeting its constitutional responsibilities and to help improve the performance and ensure the accountability of the federal government for the benefit of the American people. It provides Congress with timely information that is objective, fact-based, nonpartisan, nonideological, fair, and balanced.</p>
<p><strong>GOA's Core Values</strong> of accountability, integrity, and reliability are reflected in all of the work GAO does. It operates under strict professional standards of review and referencing; all facts and analyses in its work are thoroughly checked for accuracy. In addition, GAO's audit policies are consistent with the Fundamental Auditing Principles (Level 3) of the International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions.</p>
<p><strong>GAO's Work</strong> is done at the request of congressional committees or subcommittees or is mandated by public laws or committee reports. It also undertakes research under the authority of the Comptroller General. It supports congressional oversight by</p>
<ul><li>auditing agency operations to determine whether federal funds are being spent efficiently and effectively;</li>
<li>investigating allegations of illegal and improper activities;</li>
<li>reporting on how well government programs and policies are meeting their objectives;</li>
<li>performing policy analyses and outlining options for congressional consideration; and</li>
<li>issuing legal decisions and opinions, such as bid protest rulings and reports on agency rules.</li>
</ul><p>The GAO advises Congress and the heads of executive agencies about ways to make government more efficient, effective, ethical, equitable and responsive.</p>
GAO's work leads to laws and acts that improve government operations, saving the government and taxpayers billions of dollars.
Creator
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GAO
Rights
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Government Accounting Office. <br /><br />Source: <a href="http://www.gao.gov/about/index.html">Government Accountability Office (GAO)</a>.
Format
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Medium: Logo
Source
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seal_of_the_United_States_Government_Accountability_Office.svg/1200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Government_Accountability_Office.svg.png
Identifier
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GAO, Government Accountability Office, Congress, Watchdog, Accountability, Oversight, Efficiency
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://www.gao.gov/">GAO</a>
Publisher
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GAO
Contributor
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GAO
Language
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English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Organization
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
Accountability
Congress
Efficiency
GAO
Government Accountability Office
Oversight
Watchdog
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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<h3><strong>Women in the Public Service (D-5)</strong></h3>
Description
An account of the resource
<p><em><strong>"And in my own life, in my own small way, I've tried to give back to this country that has given me so much. That's why I left a job at a law firm for a career in public service, working to empower young people to volunteer in their communities. Because I believe that each of us - no matter what our age or background or walk of life - each of us has something to contribute to the life of this nation." </strong></em><br /> <br /><em>- Michelle Obama</em><br /> <br />Women have been serving in public service roles since before the American Revolution, but they have always faced stiff challenges from gender discriminatory policies and practices. The women featured in this gallery are renowned because they succeeded regardless of such obstacles. Many of them are first timers, from as far back as the 18th Century, whose determination enabled them to emerge as leading and innovative women in the public service. Among them is Clara Burton, a woman in the public service whose face appears on a United States postage stamp. Clara Burton was the first female federal clerk to receive the same remuneration as the male clerks. She went on in her career in public service to be the founder of the American Red Cross. This important nongovernmental organization provides assistance to the public through disaster relief, supporting military families, providing health and safety training and education, and organizing the receipt of blood donations.<br /> <br />Other women celebrated here are Mary Katherine Goddard, the first female Postmaster (1775), Fanny Jackson Coppin, the first African American Principal (1869), Jeanette Rankin (1916) the first woman to be elected to the United States Congress, and Mercedes O. Cubria, the first Cuban born female to serve in the United States Army. Many other women in the public service are acknowledged here and demonstrate that women have always sought to work in the public service at all levels. They include elected and appointed officials as cabinet members, state governors, mayors, and Supreme Court justices.</p>
<p><strong><em>Clara Barton</em></strong></p>
Clara Barton dedicated her life to helping others in need- both at home and abroad, in peacetime and during war. She was a teacher, patent clerk, nurse and humanitarian.
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Dublin Core
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Title
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1940- Margaret Chase Smith, First Woman to Serve in Both Houses of Congress
Subject
The topic of the resource
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/women-in-public-service-galler/women-in-public-service-galler">Return to Women in the Public Service</a></h4>
Description
An account of the resource
Margaret Chase Smith follows in husband's footsteps. Washington, D.C., June 10. Margaret Chase Smith, wife of the late Rep. Clyde Smith, Republican, of Maine, was sworn in today to fill the vacancy left by her husband. Left to right in the picture: Margaret Chase Smith, Speaker William Bankhead, and Rep. James C. Oliver, Republican of Maine, who sponsored Mrs. Smith
The first woman to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. In 1964 she became the first woman to be placed in nomination for the presidency of the United States at a major party convention.
Creator
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Harris & Ewing
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1940
Rights
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Source: The National First Ladies' Library. First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt. Museum/Saxton McKinley House at the Education and Research Center. Retrieved on March 8, 2013 from <a href="http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=33">http://alturl.com/rmdqe</a> <br /><br />For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://www.mcslibrary.org/bio">http://www.mcslibrary.org/</a>
Format
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Medium: Photograph
Source
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http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/hec/28700/28784r.jpg
Identifier
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Margaret Chase Smith, Congress, House, Representatives, Senator
Relation
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Link: <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/hec.28784/">Library of Congress</a>
Publisher
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Library of Congress
Contributor
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Library of Congress
Language
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English
Type
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Figures
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Historic
Congress
House
Margaret Chase Smith
Representatives
Senator
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5b30e33b36c2172630af477137c52a3a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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<h3><strong>Environmental Protection (C-1)</strong></h3>
Description
An account of the resource
<strong><em>"When the well's dry, we know the worth of water."</em> </strong><br /> <br />- Benjamin Franklin, (1706-1790), Poor Richard's Almanac. <br /> <br />Public service employees and volunteers serve on the front lines in efforts to protect the environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for protecting human health and the environment. The Agency is accountable for environmental protection as it relates to various aspects of the national environment, such as: air pollution, chemicals and toxins, climate change, promoting greener living, pesticides, waste management, and water safety. Public service employees and volunteers working toward the protection of human health and the environment include administrators, biologists, conservationists, ecologists and other natural scientists. Government officials are working in the political arena to legislate environmental protection policy. Many committed individuals are donating time and effort as volunteers, to local conservation causes, toward safeguarding the future wellbeing of life on earth.<br /> <br />Environmental protection is an international issue. Cooperation is necessary from each country, and their organizations in every sector, which all have a vested interest in safeguarding the planet. In the international arena, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) was established in 1972, mandated to <em>"be the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, that promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimensions of sustainable development within the United Nations system and that serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment."</em> UNEP has offices in each world region and its priorities include assisting countries, in particular developing countries in managing responses to climate change, as well as the holistic management of the ecosystem.<br /> <br />We all have a role to play in influencing the decision-making processes, so as to ensure that adequate legal and institutional measures are put in place to support environmental protection and sustainability. Without ample legislation we run the risk of reversing our hard earned development accomplishments.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Congressman T. Frank Appleby, Oil Polution Act
Subject
The topic of the resource
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/environment-protection-gallery/environment-protection-gallery">Return to Environmental Protection</a></h4>
Description
An account of the resource
In 1921, Congressman T. Frank Appleby introduced a bill designed to limit oil pollution, a piece of legislation that would eventually become the 1924 Oil Pollution Act.
In the 1920s, oil pollution was a significant problem. The Corps of Engineers issued a report in 1922, emphasizing just how bad the pollution really was:
"New Orleans, Louisiana -- "A considerable proportion of the batteries are noticeably polluted with oil. No beach can be considered suitable for recreation. A disastrous fire occurred in the port a year ago, the fire to a considerable extent being spread by oil pollution."
Portland, Oregon -- "Considerable damage has resulted [from oil spills], especially to floating logs and sawed timbers..."
Glouster, Massachusetts -- "A thick scum has caused serious damage to fish and sea life. It has also caused much discontent and complaint from tourists."
Baltimore, Maryland -- "There has been a very detrimental effect on fish, oysters and wildfowl."
Charleston, South Carolina -- "Local fishermen complain of injury to fishing and say fish have been driven away from harbor and inlets..."
This was partially due to the fact that the tonnage of oil tankers on the east coast had grown 850% between 1914-1922. In addition, recovery methods had not yet caught up with new technologies. Historian Joseph A. Pratt has estimated that oil pollution in the 1920s was much more serious than any other era in the United States.
Appleby continued to write letters in an effort to gather support for an oil pollution conference.In one letter to the president of the Norfolk, VA board of trade, he wrote that "careless oil dumping has become a serious menace." The New Jersey State League of Municipalties also lobbied for action, stating that "Oil pollution is one of the gravest economic questions confronting the Atlantic Coast navigable waterways."
In August of 1922, New Jersey officials convinced the League of Atlantic Seaboard Municipalities to hold a national conference in Atlantic city. Representatives from different cities attended, as well as trade organizations and chambers of commerce. On its first day, the conference named itself The National Coast Anti-Pollution League, and discussed everything from the effects of oil on property values to environmental damage. Supportive letters were read, and on the second day, they resolved, in support of Appleby's bill, to set fines and jail time for oil pollution.
Although legislation met some roadblocks in the year that followed, the Oil Pollution Act was passed in 1924. Unfortunately, it only covered intentional dumping in U.S. coastal waters. Other land-based oil pollution sources were not covered in the law until 1970.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Harris & Ewing
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1945
Rights
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Portrait of Congressman T. Frank Appleby <br /><br />Source: Bill Kovarik. (n.d.) Oil Pollution and the National Coast Anti-Pollution League. Environmental History Timeline. Retrieved Oct 5, 2012, from <a href="http://environmentalhistory.org/people/gifford-pinchot-and-the-anti-pollution-league/">http://bit.ly/SHOLVv</a>
Format
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Medium: Photograph
Source
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https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/hec/20000/20099r.jpg
Identifier
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Congress, T. Frank Appleby, Oil Pollution, Wildlife, Oil Dumping, Anti-Pollution
Relation
A related resource
Link: Library of Congress <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009006797/">http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009006797/</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Library of Congress
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Library of Congress
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Figures
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Historic
Anti-Pollution
Congress
Oil Dumping
Oil Pollution
T. Frank Appleby
Wildlife
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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<h3><strong>Serving the Public in Elected Office (A-5)</strong></h3>
Description
An account of the resource
<p><em><strong>“What made you choose this career is what made me go into politics – a chance to serve, to make a difference. It is not just a job. It is a vocation.” </strong></em><br /> <br />-Tony Blair</p>
<p> <br />Elected officials are political leaders at the federal, state and local levels of government. They include presidents, prime ministers, congressmen and congresswomen, governors, legislators, mayors and county executives. In North America, for example, there are also elected tribal leaders- chiefs, who are recognized by the federal government. The term of office for elected officials varies from two to six years. In most cases elected officials can be re-elected for more than one term. There is usually no limit on the number of terms officials elected to congress can serve. The Presidents of the United States, however, can serve in office for a maximum of two four year terms.<br /> <br />Elected officials bear the responsibility as citizens’ representatives, to fulfill their promise of public service and of protecting the publics’ trust. The media pays a lot of attention to elected officials to ensure that they live up to the electorate’s expectations. The public expects that their service will not be motivated by personal career and financial aspirations, but rather by an intrinsic desire to contribute to the common good. For this reason, the service of elected officials is regarded as a vocation, or “calling” inspired by an interest in public policy, compassion for others, and commitment to servicing others more so than for personal gain. In a democracy people from all walks of life who hear the ‘calling’ to public service can campaign to become elected officials to serve in government. Their families often share in their commitment to public service and traditionally take on missions of their own, with some becoming celebrated for the contributions they make to their communities and beyond. United States First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt (1933-45), for example, successfully led the formulation of the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948) in the immediate post World War 2 period. This international agreement declares the right to life for all people, with rights to privacy, nationality, safety and security, fair trial, freedom of thought and expression, education, assembly and property.</p>
<p><strong><em>First U.S. Senators</em></strong></p>
<p>This featured exhibit presents the first U.S. Senators from different minority groups across the US diverse population. </p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Jeannette Rankin, First Woman in the United States Congress
Description
An account of the resource
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Jeannette Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) is often remembered primarily for being the first woman elected into the U.S. Congress. However, her work in public service and social activism far transcended her two terms in the House of Representatives, beginning with a career in social work in an earthquake-torn San Francisco of the early 20th century, and coming to a close with the organizing of a mass 1968 anti-war protest in Washington D.C. at the age of eighty-seven. The events of her life stand as an inspiration for all those devoted to the fulfilment of justice and peace in the public sphere.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Born to a large family in Missoula, Montana in 1880, Rankin quickly became familiar with both the plight of woman, who were expected to work just as hard as men in the private sphere but to remain silent in the public one, and industrial workers, who were subject to intolerable working conditions and granted pittances for their labor. Fittingly then, throughout her twenties, Rankin began forming connections to the burgeoning women’s suffrage movement in America, and took up a position as a social worker for the economically underprivileged, both in California and Washington. Working closely with the poor, Rankin developed a critique of the American state’s willingness to leave these people behind, of the government’s failure to create a social safety net for its population.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The onset of World War I in Europe would add new dimensions to Rankin’s political consciousness. Becoming a founder of the Women’s Peace Party in 1914, she began to consider pacifism as essential to the success of both the women's and labor's movements. The connections that she made with Montana residents throughout this period of organization building would enable Rankin to launch a viable campaign for a Congress seat in the election season of 1916. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Running as a Republican (before the ideologies of the Democratic and Republican parties had switched to their current configurations), her campaign slogan read: “national woman suffrage, protection of childhood, state and national prohibition.” The inclusion of children’s rights in this list of goals, reveals the maternalistic characteristics of the First Wave feminism that Rankin subscribed to. Rankin believed that women had some inherent maternal instinct that was easily translatable into qualities such as non-violence, morality and intuition, and which American politics was desperately in need of. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">As Montana women had been granted the right to vote two years earlier, in 1914, they became integral to the success of Rankin’s Congressional campaign. This was apparent in the magnitude of correspondence that Rankin received from female citizens in the aftermath of the vote, celebrating her victory and, oftentimes, confiding in her. Feeling hopeful that a woman in office would finally allow their unique plights to be addressed, these women wrote to Rankin about domestic abuse, lack of economic autonomy, child mortality, and so on. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Once in office, Rankin’s pacifist politics would be put to the test almost immediately. As fate would have it, President Woodrow Wilson would call for the United States’ entry into WWI on the very day that Rankin took her Congressional seat. Stating that “I want to stand by my country… but I cannot vote for war,” Rankin joined forty-nine other members of Congress in rejecting the proposal. She felt strongly that this kind of economic commitment would further hinder the state’s ability to protect those American citizens already living in dire precarity. When it became clear though that she was part of the minority, and that war was imminent, she did what she could to lessen the harmful impacts of the violence. She worked to support the endeavors of the American Red Cross, and fought for the improvement of conditions within the military camps. Despite making these important efforts to aid soldiers, many of Rankin’s colleagues had already stereotyped her as weak or ineffective. Her position against war was taken by many male politicians as proof that women were not able to take necessary action to protect the country or its allies.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Rankin’s vote against WWI was only the first deed in a string of many that would be considered scandalous by these more conservative Congress members. Rankin’s devotion to suffrage drove her committed involvement in the passage of the Susan B. Anthony Amendment. This Amendment would eventually evolve into the 19th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which grants American women the right to vote. And, after the tragic death of 168 miners in Butte, Montana, Rankin stunned the floor of the House when she criticized the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, and called on the U.S. government to nationalize metal mines. As a pacifist, suffragist, and an enemy of abusive capitalists, a major target was placed on her back, and Rankin failed to secure another term in the following election cycle. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Rankin was unable to make her way back into office until 1939, when again the threat of America’s entrance into a world war loomed large. This time though, the uniqueness of Rankin’s political agenda within the context of Congress, became glaringly apparent. When the vote to join the Allies in their European war effort came to the House floor, Rankin was the only member to vote against. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The isolation she felt in formal American politics might help to explain why she devoted herself fully to activist politics after her second term in Congress came to an end. She developed working relationships with other feminists and labor activists like Margaret Sanger and Mary Van Kleeck, and, importantly, came to see supporting the growing Civil Rights and Black Power movements as part and parcel of her anti-war, and feminist politics. Simultaneously, Rankin was developing a more fervent critique of American foreign policy, studying the ways in which America had historically taken on an imperialistic role in its relationships with Africa and South America, and becoming an advocate for liberation movements in these regions. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">With this political platform, Rankin (already in her eighties) helped to found the Jeannette Rankin Brigade in 1967. The Brigade was a feminist organization that hoped to build a Popular Front, or coalition, of women’s peace groups. For these women, the kind of positive peace they were advocating for, meant far more than states avoiding war. Positive peace meant quelling U.S. aggressive intervention abroad while working actively to better the conditions of life domestically. It meant redirecting funds directed toward bloodshed to guaranteeing economic support, racial justice, and gender equality at home. The women within the Brigade came from a wide spectrum of ideological backgrounds, but crucially, the organization offered a space for previous Communist Party members who had been pushed out of the realm of organizing by Mccarthy-era hostility. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">For their entry into the political scene, the Jeannette Rankin Brigade organized a march on Washington D.C. in protest of the Vietnam War for January, 1968. Over 5,000 women from around the country, dressed in black (to signify the amount of life lost in the war), touted a banner reading “End the War in Vietnam and the Social Crisis at Home.” With this, they clearly articulated the intricate links between aggressive foreign policy and domestic inequality, racism, political censorship, and so on. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">By ceaselessly fighting against forms of abuse, occurring both domestically and internationally, Jeannette Rankin proved herself to be a lifelong servant of the public interest. Although she was not always successful, her path opened up new political possibilities, and allowed the boundaries of the status quo to be broadened in the name of equality.</span></p>
<br /><strong>Sources:</strong><br /><p><span style="font-weight:400;">Castledine, Jacqueline. </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Cold War Progressives: Women's Interracial Organizing for Peace and Freedom</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. United States: University of Illinois Press, 2012.</span></p>
<p><i><span style="font-weight:400;">History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives,</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> Office of the Historian, </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Black Americans in Congress, 1870–2007.</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008. “Party Realignment And The New Deal,” </span><a href="https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Keeping-the-Faith/Party-Realignment--New-Deal/"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Keeping-the-Faith/Party-Realignment--New-Deal/</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> (February 15, 2021)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">“Jeannette Rankin." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Suffragists Oral History Project</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Accessed August 22, 2016. </span><a href="http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt758005dx"><span style="font-weight:400;">http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt758005dx</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Murphy, Mary. "When Jeannette Said "No": Montana Women's Response to World War I." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Montana: The Magazine of Western History</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> 65, no. 1 (2015): 3-94. Accessed February 15, 2021. </span><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/24420046"><span style="font-weight:400;">http://www.jstor.org/stable/24420046</span></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">Simon, Barbara Levy. "Women of conscience: Jeannette Rankin and Barbara Lee." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Affilia</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> 17, no. 3 (2002): 384-388</span></p>
<strong><br />Further Reading: </strong> <br /><br />Michelle Moravec, “Another Mother for Peace: Reconsidering Maternalist Peace Rhetoric from a Historical Perspective 1967-2007,” Journal of Motherhood Initiative 1, no. 1 (2010). <br /><br />Lewis, Tiffany. “Democracy and Government: A Critical Edition of Jeannette Rankin’s 1917 Address at Carnegie Hall.” Advances in the history of rhetoric 20, no. 1 (2017): 47–56. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15362426.2016.1269137. <br /><br />Bennett, Scott H., and Charles F. Howlett. Antiwar Dissent and Peace Activism in World War I America : a Documentary Reader Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2014.<br /><br />Link: <a href="https://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/CDGA.M-R/Rankin.html">Swarthmore College</a>
Congress
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Jeannette Rankin
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