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"Poet: Shkliarinsky, A. ""The Fighting Pencil” group, 1976
The promise is given only as a blind.
They will have to come back not once, not twice...
But many, many times."
Travin, V.
Rutgers
Rutgers
1976
Rutgers
Source:
Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublications
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Amazon</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Poster
Cartoons, Bureaucracy, Waste, Corruption, Art, Fighting Pencil
Russia
Bribe
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"“The Fighting Pencil” group, 1969
—A bribe?!.. Never!..
—A present? Quite another matter…
The cartoon “unmasked” those officials that took “gifts” of money or in kind as a payment for services or favors, justifying their actions with a rationale that a “gift” was not a bribe, and, therefore, their conscience was clean."
Travin, V.
Rutgers
Rutgers
1969
Rutgers
Source:
Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublications
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Amazon</a>
Poster
Russian
Poster
Bribery, Cartoons, Satire, Art, Corruption, Fighting Pencil
Russia
Cantata in honor of inflated staff
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"First photo: Poets: Tolmachev, D., and M. Romanov “The Fighting Pencil” group, 1959
They play their abaci like some virtuoso,
With pay raises, bonuses they play even more so;
They do magic tricks with wage rates, small and large,
With business expenses, an overtime charge …
TO MAKE THEIR PERFORMANCE ENJOYED BY US ALL
THIS STAFF OF EMPLOYEES SHOULD BE KICKED FROM PAYROLL!
Second photo: Poet: Shkliarinsky, S. “The Fighting Pencil” group, after 1974
If we keep so many on payroll
The expenses will just snowball.
They impede our progress, slow the stride...
The redundant staff must step aside!"
Semenov, B. - First photo; Belomlinsky, M. - Second photo
Rutgers
Rutgers
1959
Rutgers
Source: Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublications
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Amazon</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Artwork
Art, Satire, Cartoons, Inflated Staff, Bureaucracy, Redundant Staff, Expenses, The Fighting Pencil
Russia
The Paper "STREAM"
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"Poet: Suslov, V. “The Fighting Pencil” group, 1960
Look! This is the method of a conveyer belt,
But it seems to resemble more of a red tape,
And if we want to be more precise and less cautious,
We can call the method what it is—just VICIOUS.
In the upper-right corner of the poster there is an excerpt from the mouthpiece of the Communist Party—the daily newspaper Pravda, which tells that:
“In 1959 the employees of Saratov Sovnarkhoz* have sent to lower levels 73 thousand orders, instructions, directions, memoranda and letters and other ‘official papers.’ And is there a need to speak about Sovnarkhoz’s correspondence with enterprises, if the heads of the departments still communicate mainly in writing? Addiction to correspondence, faith in the power of a written document resulted in serious omissions in the work of Saratov Sovnarkhoz.”
* Sovnarkhoz stands for Council for People's Economy, which were the regional agencies managing the economy. They were introduced by Khrushchev, who in the hope of reducing the power of overcentralized ministerial bureaucracies, decentralized decision-making to the regional level. After Khrushchev's removal, the ministerial system of managing the economy was restored."
Kunnap, V.
Rutgers
Rutgers
1960
Rutgers
Source: Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublications
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Amazon</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Artwork
Art, Satire, The Fighting Pencil, Cartoons, Economy, Khrushchev, Ministerial, Sovnarkhoz
Russia
The Guide!
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First photo: In this cartoon we see a Mertonian bureaucratic personality emerge as a result of overemphasizing the importance of rules in sustaining the need for reliability, predictability and discipline in organizational processes and procedures. Such bureaucrats in time tend to “forget the initial reason for the rules, and, in a ‘displacement of goals,’ enforcement of the rules surpasses in importance in a bureaucrat’s mind what the organization is trying ultimately to achieve” (Goodsell, 1994, p. 116). “An extreme product of this process of displacement of goals is the bureaucratic virtuoso, who never forgets a single rule binding his action and hence is unable to assist many of his clients” (Merton, 1940, pp. 560-568).
Second photo: Poet: Tumarinson, G. “The Fighting Pencil” group, 1969
Whenever bureaucrat decides to take a sweeping action,
Any endeavor’s doomed to end in failure and frustration!"
Rabinovich, Y. - First photo; Tsvetkov, A. - Second photo
Rutgers, Chatham House, & Harcourt Brace
Rutgers, Chatham House, & Harcourt Brace
1969 - first photo; 1965 - second photo
Rutgers, Chatham House, & Harcourt Brace
Source: Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublicaions <br /><br />Goodsell, Ch. T. (1994). The Case for Bureaucracy: A Public Administration Polemic. 3rd Ed. Chatham, NJ: ChathamHouse Publishers, Inc. <br /><br />Merton, R.K. (1940). Bureaucratic Structure and Personality. In: Shafritz, J. M., and A. C. Hyde (Eds.) (1997). Classics of Public Administration. FortWorth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Rutgers</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Case-Bureaucracy-Public-Administration-Polemic/dp/1568029071/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=The+Case+for+Bureaucracy%3A+A+Public+Administration+Polemic&qid=1581622224&s=books&sr=1-1">Chatham House</a><br /><br /><a href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vHYcCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=VMgyMP_PeZ&sig=381l8sezXt13GtCn3fApPpsqEb4#v=onepage&q&f=false">Harcourt Brace</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Artwork
Art, Satire, Cartoons, Rules, Organizations, Bureaucracy, The Fighting Pencil
Russia
Detailed Agenda
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"Poet: Kapralova, V. (The poem is omitted)
“The Fighting Pencil” group, 1971
Text on the scroll (from bottom up):
“To:
27. Further raise the quality of presentations at meetings.
28. Implement progressive methods of efficient meeting conduct.
29. Meet and exceed meeting attendance quotas.
30. Better manage the procurement of water carafes.
31. Eliminate idle time of typists and stenographers.
32. Improve moderation practices at briefings and other short meetings.
33. Eliminate typing errors in the records of meeting proceedings.
34. Introduce new…
35. Adopt new methods…
36. …”
The poster’s criticism is aimed at the Soviet bureaucrats’ affinity for long and endless meetings, the obvious shallowness of the issues they discussed, and, mainly, at the fact that holding meetings became their primary and only function.
This cartoon was created in the years associated with economic stagnation and Leonid Brezhnev’s leadership. Overtly cautious and incapable of strategic thinking, he never made important political and economic decisions without extensively discussing them with other Politburo members. This tactics of “muddling through by balancing in the political middle” (Chubarov, 2001, 144) often lead to half measures and accumulations of unresolved problems. The indeterminate nature of his policies could not but impact the way government bureaucratic structures conducted their business. The artists recognized this fact and creatively expressed it."
Travin, V.
Rutgers & Continuum
Rutgers & Continuum
1971
Rutgers & Continuum
"Source:
Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublicaions
Chubarov, A. (2001).
Russia’s Bitter Path to Modernity: A History of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras. New York, London: Continuum."
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Rutgers</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Russias-Bitter-Path-Modernity-Post-Soviet/dp/0826413501">Continuum</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Artwork
Art, Satire, Cartoons, Bureaucracy, Stagnation, Brezhnev, Soviet Union
Russia
SOS
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This cartoon is the brilliant takes on how emergency situations are handled by bureaucratic organizations. Here, the only responses of the bureaucrat to a person in distress are either the literal use of the instruction manual as a rescue device or the conversion of the SOS signals into paragraphs of instructions and regulations. This is what Merton would call “trained incapacity.”
Rozantsev, V.
Rutgers
Rutgers
1970s
Rutgers
Source: Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublications
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Amazon</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Artwork
Art, Satire, Cartoons, Bureaucracy, SOS, Trained Incapacity, Emergency
Russia
The Labyrinth
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"Written on the papers: “Order, Instruction, Decree, Explanation to Paragraph No. 141, Supplement to Instruction No. 638, Item 45 of Order No. 651…”
Typical for the Soviet command-and-control type of administration, policies that had direct bearing on people’s lives were carried out not through a legislative process but by decrees of top leadership, put in place or withdrawn by their will (Eaton, 2004). There was no place for logic or common sense in routine decision making. As Solnick (1998) indicates: “Procedures and documentation mattered far more than any sort of Weberian rationality in guiding the behavior of policy makers”.
None
Rutgers & Harvard
Rutgers & Harvard
None
Rutgers & Harvard
Source:
Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublicaions
Solnick, S. L. (1998). Stealing the State: Control and Collapse in Soviet institutions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Rutgers</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Stealing-State-Collapse-Institutions-Research/dp/0674836812/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=Stealing+the+State%3A+Control+and+Collapse+in+Soviet+institutions&qid=1581621719&sr=8-2">Harvard</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Artwork
Art, Satire, Cartoons, Soviet Union, Bad Management, Authoritarian
Russia
Tell us exactly in what way we limit your initiative!
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According to Ewing (1977), employee stultification is a feature common to all bureaucracies. As a hierarchy, bureaucracy always seeks control and suppresses freedom inside its structures. Hence, the feelings of despair and suffocation become more prevalent “as the bureaucracy becomes more efficient and the supervisory control systems more advanced”
Piho, E.
Rutgers & McGraw Hill
Rutgers & McGraw Hill
1970s
Rutgers & McGraw Hill
Source: Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublications <br /><br />Ewing, D. (1977). Freedom inside the Organization: Bringing Civil Liberties to the Workplace. New York, NY: Mc-Graw-Hill.
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Rutgers</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Freedom-inside-organization-liberties-workplace/dp/0876902492/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=Freedom+inside+the+Organization%3A+Bringing+Civil+Liberties+to+the+Workplace&qid=1581621517&sr=8-2">McGraw Hill</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Artwork
Art, Satire, Cartoons, Bureacracy, Freedom, Posters
Russia
I remember pretty well: I introduced some innovative somewhere here…
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For the Soviet Union, the roots of technological stagnation were in the monopoly of the state on the means of production that obliterated the incentives to upgrade technologically and to increase productivity. As a result, innovation and competition were stifled (Chubarov, 2001, 79).
Vasiliev
Rutgers
Rutgers
1951
Rutgers
Source: Holzer, M., Illiash, I., Gabrielian, V., & Kuznestsova, L. (2010). Red Tape from Red Square:Bureaucratic Commentary in Soviet Graphic Satirical Art. Poughkeepsie, NY: NetPublications
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Red-Tape-Square-Bureaucratic-Commentary/dp/0942942116">Amazon</a>
Medium: Poster
Russian
Artwork
Art, Satire, Cartoons, Technology, Innovation, Stagnation
Russia