1869 - Caroline Earle White, Women's Humane Society Founder
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Caroline White saw from an early age how badly drivers treated their horses, and was inspired to do something about it into adulthood. After helping create a Philadelphia branch of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, she quickly realized that they wouldn’t allow women leaders, and so established the Women’s Humane Society to help as she always intended. The Society opened America’s first animal shelter for homeless dogs and cats, and employed cruelty officers to stop, prevent, and bring justice to animal cruelty. Her proudest moment was the passing of the Twenty-Eight Hour Law, which required transit companies to water, feed and rest animals every twenty-eight hours. She also established the American Anti-Vivisection Society to stop scientific experiments on animals that bordered on the cruel. By going on tours to show the horrors of animal abuse, including the Chicago World’s fair, they helped Massachusetts ban all vivisections in elementary and secondary schools, with other states following
American Anti-Vivisection Society
Caroline Earle White - Wikimedia<br /><br />Source: Caroline Earle White-Protecting Animals: A 19th Century Woman’s Take. In National Museum of Animals & Society. Retrieved on March 8, 2013 from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Earle_White">http://alturl.com/hio4z</a>
American Anti-Vivisection Society
between 1856-1916
American Anti-Vivisection Society
American Anti-Vivisection Society
Link: <a href="http://www.endanimalcloning.org/about.shtml">Caroline Earle White via American Anti-Vivisection Society</a>
Photograph
English
Figures
Women
Historic
John James Audubon
French-American ornithologist, naturalist & painter
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">John James Audubon was an influential naturalist and artist of the 18th century. In particular, Audubon was responsible for transforming the field of ornithology, or the scientific study of birds. By changing the ways in which birds were artistically depicted in scientific texts, and by making it customary to include detailed descriptions of the lives and habits of these birds alongside their renderings, Audubon brought art and science together in novel ways. His contributions to nature documentation led later naturalists to found the Audubon Society of conservation in his name. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Audubon was born in 1785 to a French captain and sugar plantation owner in Saint Domingue (modern day Haiti). However, as slave uprisings were becoming more common in Saint Domingue around this time, Audubon was sent as a young boy to live with his stepmother in Nantes, France. During his time in France, Audubon became accustomed to long walks to and from his school. It was these walks on which Audubon began to take a closer look at the nature around him, developing a passion for spontaneous birdwatching. He would later explain that: “none but the aerial companions suited my fancy...my father...pointed out [their] elegant movements...the beauty and softness of their plumage...the departure and return of birds with the seasons...and, more wonderful than all their change of livery.” </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">By his eighteen birthday, war had broken out between France and England. To avoid his son’s conscription into Napoleon’s army, Audubon's father sent him abroad to America. (Audubon 2021). It was here that Audubon would be put in charge of his father’s mining operation in Mill Grove, Pennsylvania. Around the same time, Audubon came across a book of birds in his father’s library. Captivated by the book, Audubon quickly developed a strong desire to compile his own collection of birds. (Olson 2012, 443). After a series of business failures had occurred under his watch, and led him to be briefly jailed for bankruptcy, he decided to focus exclusively on this artwork project (Audubon 2021). In the 1820’s, Audubon began to compile his collection of America’s birds. It was this particular work that would catapult Audubon’s career as a critically-acclaimed contributor to the field of natural history and ornithology. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">With the book still in progress, Audubon sailed to Britain to find a printer to reproduce his work. It was here that he met fellow ornithologist William MacGillivray, who would help Audubon write ornithological biographies for his work (Audubon 2021).These ornithological biographies went into detail about the bird’s features, behaviors, and lives, and also included highlights of the adventures that Audubon went on to find the birds. (Biography 2021) This level of detail was unique in the field at this time. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The publication of </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Birds of America</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, is considered to mark a major historical transformation in the field of ornithology. Historians have stated that, with this collection of paintings, Audubon sought to transform natural history illustrations into genuine art pieces. He was able to create more artistic representations of birds by “adopting a different course of representation from the mere profile-like cut figures given usually in works of that kind.” He moved from the typically cookie-cutter-like profiles, to much more naturalistic and realistic portraits. Moreover, the British Natural History Museum has noted that Audubon’s depictions were unique in that they depicted birds among their natural environment. After the publication of </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Birds of America</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, Audubon would go on to create other important works, including </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;"> Ornithological Biography, A Synopsis of the Birds of America, </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">and </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America. </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">Later important naturalists and biologists, such as Charles Darwin, would be greatly inspired by these works. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">John James Audubon, despite his contributions to art and naturalism, has a very complicated personal history that is difficult to ignore. Audubon was a racist individual, who was involved in the Atlantic slave trade, and who expressed critical feelings towards emancipation. Furthermore, he was posthumously accused of academic plagiarism and fraud. (Audubon 2021) Despite these troubling facts, his published works have contributed in important ways to the fields of art and natural history. His admiration of nature and birds was passed along to many in his generation, at a moment when our natural world was coming under increasingly harmful encroachment by humans and corporations. His works today remind us that we have a duty to protect the beauty of our natural environment for generations to come. <br /><br /></span><strong>Sources: <br /></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Audubon, John James. </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">American Scoter Duck</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. n.d.. Painting. </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Audubon</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Audubon. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.audubon.org/birds-of-america/american-scoter-duck. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Biography.com Editors. “John James Audubon.” Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, March 29, 2021. https://www.biography.com/scientist/john-james-audubon. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Herrick, Francis H. "Audubon's Bibliography." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Auk </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">36, no. 3 (1919): 372-80. Accessed June 17, 2021. doi:10.2307/4073107. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">McEniery, E. (n.d.). </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Birds of American Animals</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Validation request. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-birds-of-american-animals.html. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">N/A. (2021, April 29). </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">John James Audubon</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Audubon. https://www.audubon.org/content/john-james-audubon. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Olson, Roberta J. M. "The "Early Birds" of John James Audubon." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Master Drawings </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">50, no. 4 (2012): 439-94. Accessed June 15, 2021. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">http://www.jstor.org/stable/41703397</span><span style="font-weight:400;">. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Partridge, Linda Dugan. "By the Book: Audubon and the Tradition of Ornithological Illustration." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Huntington Library Quarterly </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">59, no. 2/3 (1996): 269-301. Accessed June 18, 2021. doi:10.2307/3817669.</span></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<br /><br /><strong>Further Reading:<br /></strong>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">SAVAGE, HENRY LYTTLETON. "John James Audubon: A Backwoodsman in the Salon." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Princeton</span></i> <i><span style="font-weight:400;">University Library Chronicle </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">5, no. 4 (1944): 129-36. Accessed June 21, 2021. doi:10.2307/26400860.</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">"John James Audubon, the Naturalist." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Illustrated Magazine of Art </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">3, no. 17 (1854): 305-07. Accessed June 21,</span> <span style="font-weight:400;">2021. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">http://www.jstor.org/stable/20538300</span><span style="font-weight:400;">.</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Allen, Josephine L. "John James Audubon 1785-1851." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">36, no. 9 (1941):</span> <span style="font-weight:400;">178-79. Accessed June 21, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3256435.<br /><br />For further exploration please visit National Gallery of Art: <a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.122.html">http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/tbio?person=75</a><br /></span></p>
Gabriel Moran
Veterinary Corp U.S. Army
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The Veterinary Corps, U.S. Army, taught men care and treatment of sick animals; horse judging and soundness; horseshoeing; riding; driving; meat and dairy.
Horst Schreck
https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3g00000/3g09000/3g09800/3g09847r.jpg, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3g00000/3g09000/3g09800/3g09849r.jpg
Library of Congress
1919
Library of Congress
First photograph - Poster showing a portrait of a horse and insignia of the Army Veterinary Corps. <br /><br />Source: Library of Congress <a href="http://www.loc.gov/item/2002722430/">Catalog Number 2002722430</a>, Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.
Second Photograph <br /><br />Source: Library of Congress <a href="http://www.loc.gov/item/2002722448/">Catalog Number 2002722448</a>, Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Medium: Lithograph
English
Poster
Veterinary Corps, U.S. Army, Animals, Horse Riding, Horses
United States
Namibia Crane Working Group
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Due to growing concerns regarding the continued survival of cranes, the Namibia Crane Working Group (NCWG) was established at a workshop in Etosha in May 2004 under the joint auspices of the Namibia Nature Foundation (NNF), the Ministry of Wildlife and Tourism (MET) and the African Wattled Crane Programme of the International Crane Foundation (AWAC). A Namibia Crane Action Plan was drawn up in consultation with representatives from five crane areas, namely Etosha, North Central, Kavango, Caprivi and Bushmanland. NCWG mission is to conserve cranes and their habitats in partnership with the people who share these habitats.
Namibia Crane Working Group
https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3634/3556282238_1333e15c56_b.jpg
Namibia Crane Working Group
2004
Namibia Crane Working Group
<a href="http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/NCWG%20annual%20report%20March%202005.pdf">Namibia Crane Working Group</a>
Link: <a href="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3634/3556282238_1333e15c56_b.jpg">Namibia Nature Foundation</a>
Medium: Poster
English
Conservation
Cranes, Namibia, Conservation, Animals, Habitats
Namibia
Tired Search Dog
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There is nothing that can replace the precision of a dog's nose -- and absolutely nothing that can replace the steadfast nature of a dog's heart.
Bob Sessions, FEMA rescue worker
The general field of search and rescue includes many specialty sub-fields, mostly based upon terrain considerations. These include mountain rescue; ground search and rescue, including the use of search and rescue dogs; urban search and rescue in cities; combat search and rescue on the battlefield and air-sea rescue over water...
Urban search-and-rescue (US&R) involves the location, rescue (extrication), and initial medical stabilization of victims trapped in confined spaces. Structural collapse is most often the cause of victims being trapped, but victims may also be trapped in transportation accidents, mines and collapsed trenches. Urban search-and-rescue is considered a "multi-hazard" discipline, as it may be needed for a variety of emergencies or disasters, including earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, storms and tornadoes, floods, dam failures, technological accidents, terrorist activities, and hazardous materials releases. The events may be slow in developing, as in the case of hurricanes, or sudden, as in the case of earthquakes.
Preston Cress.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/September_15_2001.jpg
Navy News
Sep. 15 2001
Preston Cress.
Source: Urban Search & Rescue. (2012, October 28). Federal Emergency Management Agency. Retrieved February 11, 2012, from <a href="http://www.fema.gov/urban-search-rescue">http://www.fema.gov/urban-search-rescue</a>
Link: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_010915-N-3995K-014_A_tired_search_dog_finds_time_to_rest_as_rescue_efforts_at_the_World_Trade_Center_in_New_York_City_continue_just_a_few_feet_away.jpg">Tired Search Dog</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Photo
Animals, Dogs, FEMA, Search and Rescue, Security
New York City
George Thorndike Angell, Founder of American Humane Education Society
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In 1866, George Angell was attending a horse race when he saw two horses being run to death. In that moment, he resolved to use his skills as a lawyer and his funds to improvement treatment for animals so this tragedy wouldn’t happen again. He accomplished this in two ways in 1868, first by founding and being the president of Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and then forming and editing the journal Our Dumb Animals. Still feeling this was not enough, he continued to found and create more ways to establish protection for animals. He established the movement Bands of Mercy, which promoted the ethical treatment of animals, founded and became president of the American Humane Education Society. His efforts had over 70,000 members joining in on his causes.
Unknown
A portrait of George Thorndike Angell, an American lawyer, activist, and philanthropist - VitaBrevis<br /><br />Source: George Thorndike Angell. (2012, October 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:47, November 1, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/RurMBk">http://bit.ly/RurMBk</a>
Unknown
Before 1910
Unknown
Unknown
Link: <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1878">George Thorndike Angell (via Find a Grave) </a>
Medium: Photograph
English
Figures
Philanthropy
Historic