Mayor Richard H. Sylvester, Washington, DC Chief of Police
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Richard Sylvester implemented many police procedures that we still use today. He was the one to coin the ‘third degree’ phrase we commonly use today, as he divided police procedures as the arrest as the first degree, transportation to jail as the second degree and interrogation as the third degree. In 1914, he established the Du Point division to protect the plants that were manufacturing materials for World War I. During an inspection into a fire at one of these plants, he discovered a plot in which criminals planned to destroy buildings by replacing the inside fire extinguishers with gasoline. He swiftly turned the plot over and caught the masterminds. In addition, he came up with the idea to have employees paid by check instead of cash as to reduce payroll robberies, and developed the law that stated concealing or transporting stolen goods used in interstate commerce a crime punishable by a fine of $5,000 or up to two years in prison.
Bain News Service
https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ggbain/12900/12922r.jpg
Library of Congress
between ca. 1910 and ca. 1915
Bain News Service
A black and white photograph of Richard H. Sylvester, the Chief of Police for Washington, District of Colombia. <br /><br />Source: Richard H. Sylvester. (2012, May 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:52, October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/QPv2E1">http://bit.ly/QPv2E1</a>
Link: Library of Congress <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2005012958/">http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2005012958/</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Figures
Law Enforcement, Police, Richard Sylvester, Third Degree, Washington D.C.
Washington D.C.
Arthur Woods, New York Police Commissioner
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When Arthur Woods was a journalist, his articles about the local police caught their interest, and they soon recruited him as a Deputy. He believed in not only educating officers, such as encouraging them to be taught classes on law, sociology, and physical education, but also in educating the public, as he published the first safety booklet available to the public. In continuing education for both groups, he established an official police academy in New York. He worked with the “Italian Squad”, a police group composed of Italian-Americans, to break up gangs and labor racketeering. In his first year as Commissioner, he arrested over 200 criminals during the Labor Slugger.
Bain News Service
http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ggbain/25700/25793v.jpg
Library of Congress
Unknown
Library of Congress
A black and white photograph of Arthur Hale Woods, a New York Police Commissioner who implemented criminology and sociology in policing.<br /><br />Source: Arthur Woods. (2012, September 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:06, October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/PeYlV8">http://bit.ly/PeYlV8</a>
For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://bit.ly/PeYlV8">http://bit.ly/PeYlV8</a><br /><br />Link: <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ggbain.25793/">http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ggbain.25793/</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Figures
Arthur Woods, NYPC, New York, Police, Law Enforcement
Historic
Chiefs of Police, New York City
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The New York State Association of Chiefs of Police was organized on November 30, 1901, in Rochester, New York and incorporated in 1957. It is a not for profit organization dedicated to serve the people of the State of New York in the maintenance of law and order and to support the more than 500 Chiefs of Police as they carry out the functions of their office.
D.H. Anderson
https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3b20000/3b21000/3b21200/3b21208r.jpg
Library of Congress
ca. 1889
D.H. Anderson
Source: About Our Association. (n.d.). New York State Association of Chiefs of Police. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://www.nychiefs.org/about_us.php">http://www.nychiefs.org/about_us.php</a><br /><br />For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://www.nychiefs.org/">http://www.nychiefs.org/</a>
Link: Chiefs of Police, New York City <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003671170/">http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003671170/</a>
Medium: Composite Photograph.
English
Public Safety
Chiefs of Police, Law Enforcement, New York, NYC, Police
New York City
Police Officers at Risk
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<br /><h4></h4>
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/public-safety-law-enforcement-/public-safety-law-enforcement-">Return to Danger of Public Service</a></h4>
"• Total of 834,000 law enforcement officers (most employed at the municipal level)
• Since 1990, over 1,500 police officers have been killed in the line of duty (National Law Enforcement Memorial Fund)
• Average Death rate of 15 per 100,000, as compared to 4.7 general population
• 10 year average of 62,000 officers assaulted each year
• 10 year average of 21,000 injuries per year
• Underreporting of violent incidents is widely suspected"
Dr. Marc Holzer & LaMont Rouse
https://media.boingboing.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/police.jpg
Tennessee Star
2017
Dr. Marc Holzer & LaMont Rouse
Tennessee Star
<a href="https://tennesseestar.com/2017/05/11/memorial-service-held-for-nashville-police-killed-in-the-line-of-duty/">Tennessee Star</a>
Medium: Photograph
English
Public Safety
Fatalities, Injuries, Law Enforcement, Police, Risk
United States
Policeman in the 19th century
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/public-safety-law-enforcement-/public-safety-law-enforcement-">Return to Public Safety and Law Enforcement</a></h4>
"<strong>Law enforcement officers are never 'off duty.' They are dedicated public servants who are sworn to protect public safety at any time and place that the peace is threatened</strong> - Barbara Boxer <br /><br />In the nineteenth-century United States, police forces were…oriented more toward service than toward crime control.…Policemen aided children hurt in accidents involving wagons, trains, and public transportation….In large and impersonal late-nineteenth-century cities, families could easily lose track of young children….Every year, urban police departments recovered and returned home hundreds of children, generally under age ten."
First photo - Time
Second - Unknown
https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/police.jpeg?w=800&quality=85
Library of Congress
First photo - 1903
Second photo - unknown
Library of Congress
"Source: Police, Children and the – FREE Police, Children and the information | Encyclopedia.com: Find Police, Children and the research. (n.d.). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/VFGNBE">http://bit.ly/VFGNBE</a> <br /><br /><a href="http://bit.ly/OaDu3L"></a>
See <a href="https://time.com/4779112/police-history-origins/">Time</a><br /><br />For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://bit.ly/OaDu3L">http://bit.ly/OaDu3L</a>
Medium: Illustration.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/E2940/illustration-of-policeman-halting-traffic-for-children"></a>
English
Artwork
Police, Law Enforcement, Children, Public Service, Accidents
United States
Poster for Sweetheart's Ball at Alcatraz Penitenitiary
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Alcatraz was more than just an island prison on the San Francisco Bay. Since the island was so far away from the mainland, the prison had facilities for all the officers that lived there. They raised families in their own houses, and had their own social functions in their day-to-day lives. They also had a social club with a soda fountain, bowling alley, and a small convenience store. Their children would take the boats out in order to attend school. Though the prison took up most of the island, the people who lived in Alcatraz were more like a small town with a unique job population.
Golden Gate National Recreation Area
https://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/alca/exb/FederalPrison/Officers/leisureFamily/goga13712_ballPoster2_exb.jpg
National Park Service
1953-1963
Golden Gate National Recreation Area
<p>A hand-drawn written poster with cut out images pasted on. It’s advertising a Valentine’s day ball, located in the social hall.</p>
<p><em><strong>For further exploration please visit </strong></em><br /><a href="http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/mainpg.htm"><strong>http://www.alcatrazhistory.com</strong></a></p>
Link: <a href="http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/alca/exb/FederalPrison/Officers/leisureFamily/goga13712_ballPoster2_exb.html">National Park Service</a>
Medium: Poster.
English
Poster
Alcatraz, Prison, San Francisco, Sweetheart's Ball
California
Sheriff John McGraw
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<p><strong><em>Law enforcement officers are never 'off duty.' They are dedicated public servants who are sworn to protect public safety at any time and place that the peace is threatened</em></strong></p>
<p><em>Barbara Boxer</em></p>
A portrait of John McGraw, a Washington sheriff who settled the anti-Chinese riots.<br /> <br />During February of 1886 in Kings County, Washington, there was a group of vigilantes who wanted to get rid of the Chinese Americans living in the country and send them back to China. John McGraw opposed each effort and used his powers as sheriff to protect minorities. When the vigilantes tried to use force, McGraw sent out over 400 deputies to hold them back. The vigilantes then tried to use a boat in order to send them back, but McGraw boarded the boat and endured gunfire as he told them the boat would not be allowed to leave. He didn’t sustain a serious injury, and it was this last stand that finally convinced the vigilantes to flee.
History of Seattle, Washington: With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/John_McGraw_1890.jpg
Seattle Then and Now
1890
Seattle Then and Now
For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="https://www.nga.org/governor/john-harte-mcgraw/">http://bit.ly/T5OLiw</a>
Link: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=YK3yZNFmdbUC&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=YK3yZNFmdbUC&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=false</a>
Medium: Photomechanical Print.
English
Figures
Anti-Chinese Riots, John McGraw, Law Enforcement, Sheriff, Washington
Washington
Don't jaywalk. Watch your step.
<h4><a href="https://vmps.omeka.net/exhibits/show/public-safety-law-enforcement-/public-safety-law-enforcement-">Return to Safety and Law Enforcement</a></h4>
No description given
Isadore Posoff
http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3b40000/3b49000/3b49000/3b49000r.jpg
Library of Congress
1937
Isadore Posoff
Pennsylvania : WPA Federal Art Project Poster encouraging pedestrians to obey the laws, showing a man being hit by an automobile while crossing the street, a policeman stands in the background. <br /><br />Source: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. <a href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b49000">Library of Congress Catalog Number 98518433</a>
<a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98518433/">Library of Congress</a>
Medium: Wood Engaving
English
Poster
Pedestrians, Public Safety, Streets, WPA
Pennsylvania
Battle Hymn Of The Republic
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<p><strong><em>Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! His truth is marching on.</em></strong></p>
<p><em>Mrs. Julia Ward Howe</em></p>
<p>A song sheet to play the Battle Hymn Of The Republic.</p>
One of the most popular and patriotic songs in the U.S. history actually went through several changes before it was known as it is today. The tune was written around 1856 by William Steffe, and was spread over the U.S. by word of mouth. It was originally about John Brown, the famed abolitionist, but when it was playing during a review, a companion of Howe’s gave her the suggestion to rewrite the lyrics for the war effort. With an extra ‘Glory!’ and a sixth lyric that is often omitted, the song is played today during both Republican and Democratic conventions and during the inauguration of the President.
Mrs. Julia Ward Howe
http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/html/images/battlehymn-1.jpg
Library of Congress
Unknown
Mrs. Julia Ward Howe
For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://bit.ly/QAlVZb">http://bit.ly/QAlVZb</a>
Link: <a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200000003/"></a><a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200000003/">https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200000003/</a>
Medium: Illustration. <br /><br /><br /><a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200000003/"></a>
English
Music
Music. Abolition. John Brown. Republic. United States. Civil War.
United States
United States Park Police Officers
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As one of the oldest uniformed federal law enforcement agencies in the United States, the United States Park Police, originally named the Park Watchmen, were established in 1791 under George Washington. While they functioned similarly to local metropolitan police, they worked independently outside of the federal government until 1849 when they were redirected under the Department of the Interior. The role of directing the officers continued to shift, from the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds, to the specially made Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital, and then in 1933 they were lastly transferred to serve under National Park Service. Today they serve across the country, in Washington, DC, Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey, New York and California. Along with regular law enforcement duties, they police several famous United States monuments as part of their job. Another one of their roles is to protect the President, and any visiting dignitaries thereof.
National Park Service - U.S. Department of the Interior
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/United_States_Park_Police_Officers-old.jpg
National Park Service
Unknown
National Park Service
A black and white photograph of early United States Park Police officers standing in front of a building. <br /><br />Source: United States Park Police. (2012, September 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:06, October 5, 2012, from <a href="http://bit.ly/WvuQhk">http://bit.ly/WvuQhk</a><br /><br />For Further Exploration Please Visit <a href="http://www.nps.gov/uspp/">http://www.nps.gov/uspp/</a>
Link: <a href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/uspp/index.htm">National Park Service</a>
Medium: Photograph.
English
Public Safety
Monuments, National Park Service, Park Watchmen, Police, US Park Police
Historic